King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:10 Mean?

Exodus 23:10 in the King James Version says “And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof: — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof:

Exodus 23:10 · KJV


Context

8

And thou shalt take no gift: for the gift blindeth the wise, and perverteth the words of the righteous. the wise: Heb. the seeing

9

Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. heart: Heb. soul

10

And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof:

11

But the seventh year thou shalt let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, and with thy oliveyard. oliveyard: or, olive trees

12

Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof:

The Sabbath principle extends to land—work six, rest one. 'Sow thy land' (תִּזְרַע אֶת־אַרְצֶךָ, tizra et-artzekha) and 'gather fruits' (וְאָסַפְתָּ אֶת־תְּבוּאָתָהּ, ve'asafta et-tevu'atah)—normal agricultural cycle. But verse 11 commands seventh-year rest. This is the Sabbath Year (שְׁמִטָּה, shemittah), detailed in Leviticus 25. The land itself needs rest—God's creation care predates modern environmentalism. The seventh-year rest also provided for the poor (v. 11)—what grew wild was public domain. This challenged economic greed: will you trust God for the seventh year without planting? Observing shemittah demonstrated faith.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Sabbath Year (every seventh year) let land lie fallow—agriculturally sound practice preventing soil depletion. Leviticus 25 describes the year of release in detail, including debt forgiveness and property rights reversion.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does extending Sabbath principles to land teach about creation care and environmental stewardship?
  2. How does the Sabbath Year requirement test faith in God's provision?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וְשֵׁ֥שׁ1 of 8

And six

H8337

six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth

שָׁנִ֖ים2 of 8

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

תִּזְרַ֣ע3 of 8

thou shalt sow

H2232

to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify

אֶת4 of 8
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אַרְצֶ֑ךָ5 of 8

thy land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

וְאָֽסַפְתָּ֖6 of 8

and shalt gather

H622

to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)

אֶת7 of 8
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

תְּבֽוּאָתָֽהּ׃8 of 8

in the fruits

H8393

income, i.e., produce (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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