King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:28 Mean?

Exodus 23:28 in the King James Version says “And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

Exodus 23:28 · KJV


Context

26

There shall nothing cast their young, nor be barren, in thy land: the number of thy days I will fulfil.

27

I will send my fear before thee, and will destroy all the people to whom thou shalt come, and I will make all thine enemies turn their backs unto thee. backs: Heb. neck

28

And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

29

I will not drive them out from before thee in one year; lest the land become desolate, and the beast of the field multiply against thee.

30

By little and little I will drive them out from before thee, until thou be increased, and inherit the land.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I will send hornets before thee, which shall drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before thee.

This command shapes Israel's covenant community life, applying moral law to social relationships. God's justice concerns everyday matters—truthfulness, fairness, compassion. The accumulation of ordinances creates comprehensive ethic governing Israelite society. These aren't arbitrary rules but revelations of God's character. He is just, merciful, truthful; His people must reflect these attributes. New Testament ethics build on this foundation, radicalizing commands while maintaining their spirit.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant concludes with liturgical calendar and worship regulations, integrating Israel's civil, moral, and ceremonial life under God's comprehensive rule.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וְשָֽׁלַחְתִּ֥י1 of 12

And I will send

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

אֶת2 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַצִּרְעָ֖ה3 of 12

hornets

H6880

a wasp (as stinging)

מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃4 of 12

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

וְגֵֽרְשָׁ֗ה5 of 12

thee which shall drive out

H1644

to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce

אֶת6 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַֽחִוִּ֧י7 of 12

the Hivite

H2340

a chivvite, one of the indigenous tribes of palestine

אֶת8 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י9 of 12

the Canaanite

H3669

a kenaanite or inhabitant of kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the canaanites standing for their neighbors the ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile c

וְאֶת10 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַֽחִתִּ֖י11 of 12

and the Hittite

H2850

a chittite, or descendant of cheth

מִלְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃12 of 12

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:28 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:28 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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