King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:31 Mean?

Exodus 21:31 in the King James Version says “Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

Exodus 21:31 · KJV


Context

29

But if the ox were wont to push with his horn in time past , and it hath been testified to his owner, and he hath not kept him in, but that he hath killed a man or a woman; the ox shall be stoned, and his owner also shall be put to death.

30

If there be laid on him a sum of money, then he shall give for the ransom of his life whatsoever is laid upon him.

31

Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

32

If the ox shall push a manservant or a maidservant; he shall give unto their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.

33

And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Whether he have gored a son, or have gored a daughter, according to this judgment shall it be done unto him.

This judgment (mishpat) from the Book of the Covenant applies moral law to civil society. God's justice is comprehensive—addressing economic disputes, family relations, and community welfare. The case laws teach covenant people how to love God and neighbor practically. Through detailed ordinances, God shapes Israel as holy nation, distinct from pagan neighbors. These laws reveal God's character: just, merciful, concerned with details of everyday life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's foundational legal code, predating later expansions in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It addresses civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
אוֹ1 of 10

or

H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

בֵ֥ן2 of 10

a son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִגָּ֑ח3 of 10

Whether he have gored

H5055

to butt with the horns; figuratively, to war against

אוֹ4 of 10

or

H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

בַ֣ת5 of 10

a daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

יִגָּ֑ח6 of 10

Whether he have gored

H5055

to butt with the horns; figuratively, to war against

כַּמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט7 of 10

according to this judgment

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

הַזֶּ֖ה8 of 10
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

יֵעָ֥שֶׂה9 of 10

shall it be done

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לּֽוֹ׃10 of 10
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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