King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:3 Mean?

Exodus 21:3 in the King James Version says “If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married , then his wife shall go out with him. by himse... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married , then his wife shall go out with him. by himself: Heb. with his body

Exodus 21:3 · KJV


Context

1

Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

2

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

3

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married , then his wife shall go out with him. by himself: Heb. with his body

4

If his master have given him a wife, and she have born him sons or daughters; the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself.

5

And if the servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: shall: Heb. saying shall say


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married, then his wife shall go out with him.

This judgment (mishpat) from the Book of the Covenant applies moral law to civil society. God's justice is comprehensive—addressing economic disputes, family relations, and community welfare. The case laws teach covenant people how to love God and neighbor practically. Through detailed ordinances, God shapes Israel as holy nation, distinct from pagan neighbors. These laws reveal God's character: just, merciful, concerned with details of everyday life.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's foundational legal code, predating later expansions in Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It addresses civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
אִם1 of 12
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

בְּגַפּ֣וֹ2 of 12

by himself

H1610

the back; by extension the body or self

יָבֹ֖א3 of 12

If he came in

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

בְּגַפּ֣וֹ4 of 12

by himself

H1610

the back; by extension the body or self

וְיָֽצְאָ֥ה5 of 12

he shall go out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

אִם6 of 12
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

בַּ֤עַל7 of 12

if he were married

H1167

a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense)

אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ8 of 12

then his wife

H802

a woman

ה֔וּא9 of 12
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

וְיָֽצְאָ֥ה10 of 12

he shall go out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ11 of 12

then his wife

H802

a woman

עִמּֽוֹ׃12 of 12
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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