King James Version

What Does Exodus 21:1 Mean?

Exodus 21:1 in the King James Version says “Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

Exodus 21:1 · KJV


Context

1

Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

2

If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.

3

If he came in by himself, he shall go out by himself: if he were married , then his wife shall go out with him. by himself: Heb. with his body


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Now these are the judgments which thou shalt set before them.

'Judgments' (מִשְׁפָּטִים, mishpatim) means judicial decisions, case laws, ordinances—applications of the Decalogue's principles to specific situations. The Ten Words (ch. 20) provide foundation; the mishpatim build the superstructure of covenant community life. 'Set before them' (תָּשִׂים לִפְנֵיהֶם, tasim lifneihem) echoes 19:7—formal presentation for acceptance. These aren't suggestions but divine legislation governing Israel's society. The mishpatim reveal God's justice: protecting the vulnerable (slaves, widows, aliens), limiting revenge (lex talionis), and establishing due process. Unlike Hammurabi's Code (which predates Moses), these laws ground justice in God's character, not king's decree.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22-23:33) is Israel's first legal code, given immediately after the Decalogue. The mishpatim address civil, criminal, and ceremonial matters, creating comprehensive covenant society.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do the mishpatim (case laws) apply the Decalogue's principles to everyday life?
  2. What does God giving detailed legal codes teach about His concern for justice in society?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙1 of 5
H428

these or those

הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים2 of 5

Now these are the judgments

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

אֲשֶׁ֥ר3 of 5
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

תָּשִׂ֖ים4 of 5

which thou shalt set

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃5 of 5

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 21:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 21:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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