King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:3 Mean?

Exodus 20:3 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt have no other gods before me. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

Exodus 20:3 · KJV


Context

1

And God spake all these words, saying,

2

I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. bondage: Heb. servants

3

Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

4

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:

5

Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

The first word is singular 'Thou' (לֹא יִהְיֶה־לְךָ, lo yihyeh lekha)—God addresses each Israelite personally. 'No other gods' acknowledges rival claimants exist but denies their legitimacy. 'Before me' (עַל־פָּנָי, al-panai) literally 'before my face' or 'in my presence'—since God is omnipresent, this means 'anywhere, ever.' The command establishes monotheism as covenant foundation. It's not philosophical monotheism ('only one God exists') but covenantal monotheism ('YHWH alone is YOUR God'). The New Testament expands this: our God is money, comfort, approval, self—whatever commands ultimate allegiance. Jesus declares serving two masters impossible (Matthew 6:24). The first commandment is also greatest (Matthew 22:38).

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Historical & Cultural Context

In a polytheistic ancient Near East where every nation had patron deities, this radical monotheism set Israel apart. The command doesn't deny other gods' existence but their authority—YHWH alone deserves worship.

Reflection Questions

  1. What rival 'gods' compete for ultimate allegiance in your life (money, comfort, approval)?
  2. How does Jesus' declaration that we cannot serve two masters apply this commandment today?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
לֹֽא1 of 7
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִהְיֶ֥ה2 of 7
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לְךָ֛֩3 of 7
H0
אֱלֹהִ֥֨ים4 of 7

gods

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

אֲחֵרִ֖ים5 of 7

Thou shalt have no other

H312

properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc

עַל6 of 7
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

פָּנָֽ֗יַ׃7 of 7

before me

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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