King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:14 Mean?

Exodus 20:14 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not commit adultery.” — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

“Thou shalt not commit adultery.”

Exodus 20:14 · KJV

Context

12

Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.

13

Thou shalt not kill.

14

Thou shalt not commit adultery.

15

Thou shalt not steal.

16

Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

Read Exodus 20 full chapter

Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt not commit adultery.

'Lo tin'af' (לֹא תִנְאָף) prohibits sexual union outside marriage covenant—violating spouse's exclusive right to partner's body. Adultery breaks covenant, betrays trust, destroys families, confuses inheritance, and images Israel's spiritual adultery (idolatry). Prophets use marriage metaphor extensively (Hosea, Ezekiel 16, Jeremiah 3)—Israel's idolatry is adultery against her divine Husband. Jesus radicalizes this: 'whoever looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery in his heart' (Matthew 5:28). Mental infidelity violates the command. Paul connects marital faithfulness to Christ and church (Ephesians 5:25-32)—marriage images gospel. Sexual purity glorifies God and protects covenant.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures had varying adultery standards, often applying stricter penalties to women. Israel's law applies equally to men and women (Leviticus 20:10), reflecting covenant mutuality.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' statement about lustful looks expand your understanding of this command?
  2. In what ways does marital faithfulness image Christ's covenant love for the church?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 2 words
לֹ֣֖א1 of 2
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃2 of 2

“Thou shalt not commit adultery”

H5003

to commit adultery; figuratively, to apostatize

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:14 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:14 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Hebrews 13:4Deuteronomy 5:18Romans 7:2-3Romans 13:9Matthew 5:27-28Leviticus 20:10

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