King James Version

What Does Exodus 16:13 Mean?

Exodus 16:13 in the King James Version says “And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about t... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 16 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host.

Exodus 16:13 · KJV


Context

11

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

12

I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God.

13

And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp: and in the morning the dew lay round about the host.

14

And when the dew that lay was gone up, behold, upon the face of the wilderness there lay a small round thing, as small as the hoar frost on the ground.

15

And when the children of Israel saw it, they said one to another, It is manna: for they wist not what it was. And Moses said unto them, This is the bread which the LORD hath given you to eat. It is: or, What is this? or, It is a portion


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And it came to pass, that at even the quails came up, and covered the camp—The quails (שְׂלָו, s'lav) arrive precisely at evening as promised, demonstrating God's sovereign control over nature. The verb 'covered' (כָּסָה, kasah) indicates overwhelming abundance—not scattered birds but a blanket of provision. Yet this abundance comes with judgment later (Num 11:33-34), showing that God may give what we wrongly desire to teach us the poverty of our desires. The evening timing (beginning of the day in Jewish reckoning) shows God addressing their complaint immediately, while the morning manna establishes the permanent provision. Physical meat satisfies temporarily; spiritual bread sustains eternally.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Quail migrate across the Sinai in spring and fall, flying low when exhausted. God timed their arrival supernaturally, providing meat as promised while teaching dependence on manna as primary provision.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God sometimes grant our foolish desires to teach us their insufficiency?
  2. What does the temporary nature of quail versus the daily manna teach about earthly versus heavenly priorities?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיְהִ֣י1 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

בָעֶ֔רֶב2 of 13

And it came to pass that at even

H6153

dusk

וַתַּ֣עַל3 of 13

came up

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

הַשְּׂלָ֔ו4 of 13

the quails

H7958

the quail collectively (as slow in flight from its weight)

וַתְּכַ֖ס5 of 13

and covered

H3680

properly, to plump, i.e., fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

אֶת6 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃7 of 13

the camp

H4264

an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e

וּבַבֹּ֗קֶר8 of 13

and in the morning

H1242

properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning

הָֽיְתָה֙9 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

שִׁכְבַ֣ת10 of 13

lay

H7902

a lying down (of dew, or for the sexual act)

הַטַּ֔ל11 of 13

the dew

H2919

dew (as covering vegetation)

סָבִ֖יב12 of 13

round about

H5439

(as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃13 of 13

the camp

H4264

an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or e


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 16:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 16:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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