King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:40 Mean?

Exodus 12:40 in the King James Version says “Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

Exodus 12:40 · KJV


Context

38

And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. a mixed: Heb. a great mixture

39

And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

40

Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

41

And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.

42

It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations. a night: Heb. a night of observations


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The precise timeframe '430 years' fulfills God's prophecy to Abraham (Genesis 15:13 says '400 years,' which is rounded). The phrase 'the selfsame day' emphasizes God's perfect timing—not 429 or 431 years, but exactly as predicted. This exact fulfillment establishes God's reliability in all prophetic promises. Human calendars may vary, but divine timing is perfect.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The 430 years likely dated from Jacob's entry into Egypt or from God's covenant with Abraham, depending on calculation methods. Various Jewish and Christian scholars interpret the starting point differently.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's precise fulfillment of the 430-year timeframe strengthen your confidence in unfulfilled prophecies?
  2. What does 'the selfsame day' teach about God's sovereignty over historical timing and His meticulous care?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
וּמוֹשַׁב֙1 of 11

Now the sojourning

H4186

a seat; figuratively, a site; abstractly, a session; by extension an abode (the place or the time); by implication, population

בְּנֵ֣י2 of 11

of the children

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל3 of 11

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

אֲשֶׁ֥ר4 of 11
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יָֽשְׁב֖וּ5 of 11

who dwelt

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם6 of 11

in Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים7 of 11

and thirty

H7970

thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieth

שָׁנָֽה׃8 of 11

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)

וְאַרְבַּ֥ע9 of 11

was four

H702

four

מֵא֖וֹת10 of 11

hundred

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

שָׁנָֽה׃11 of 11

years

H8141

a year (as a revolution of time)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:40 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:40 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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