King James Version

What Does Exodus 12:39 Mean?

Exodus 12:39 in the King James Version says “And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because the... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

Exodus 12:39 · KJV


Context

37

And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children.

38

And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle. a mixed: Heb. a great mixture

39

And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

40

Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

41

And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Baking 'unleavened cakes of the dough' explains the permanent memorial feast's origin. The phrase 'they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry' emphasizes the urgency that prevented normal bread preparation. The statement 'neither had they prepared for themselves any victual' shows complete dependence on God. This lack of provision made the wilderness journey a sustained trust-exercise.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This verse explains the historical origin of the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread. What began as circumstantial necessity became perpetual memorial of hasty redemption.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's call to leave without full preparation teach that obedience must sometimes precede perfect planning?
  2. What does Israel's lack of provisions reveal about the faith required to step into the unknown at God's command?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
וַיֹּאפ֨וּ1 of 22

And they baked

H644

to cook, especially to bake

אֶת2 of 22
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַבָּצֵ֜ק3 of 22

of the dough

H1217

dough (as swelling by fermentation)

אֲשֶׁ֨ר4 of 22
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

הוֹצִ֧יאוּ5 of 22

which they brought forth

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם6 of 22

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

עֻגֹ֥ת7 of 22

cakes

H5692

an ashcake (as round)

מַצּ֖וֹת8 of 22

unleavened

H4682

properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e., not soured or bittered with yeast); specifically, an unfermented cake or loaf, or (elliptically) the fes

כִּ֣י9 of 22
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לֹ֣א10 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

חָמֵ֑ץ11 of 22

for it was not leavened

H2556

to be pungent; i.e., in taste (sour, i.e., literally fermented, or figuratively, harsh), in color (dazzling)

כִּֽי12 of 22
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

גֹרְשׁ֣וּ13 of 22

because they were thrust out

H1644

to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce

מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם14 of 22

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

וְלֹ֤א15 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָֽכְלוּ֙16 of 22

and could

H3201

to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)

לְהִתְמַהְמֵ֔הַּ17 of 22

not tarry

H4102

properly, to question or hesitate, i.e., (by implication) to be reluctant

וְגַם18 of 22
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

צֵדָ֖ה19 of 22

for themselves any victual

H6720

food

לֹֽא20 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

עָשׂ֥וּ21 of 22

neither had they prepared

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לָהֶֽם׃22 of 22
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 12:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 12:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study