King James Version

What Does Exodus 1:18 Mean?

Exodus 1:18 in the King James Version says “And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men c... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

Exodus 1:18 · KJV


Context

16

And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

17

But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

18

And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

19

And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.

20

Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive? (וַיִּקְרָא מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לַמְיַלְּדֹת, vayikra melekh Mitsrayim lameyaldot)—Pharaoh's interrogation reveals his realization that the genocide isn't occurring. The question Why have ye done this thing? suggests either suspicion of deliberate disobedience or confusion at the policy's failure. The king who commanded death is now forced to ask for explanation—a subtle reversal showing God beginning to frustrate Pharaoh's plans. The interrogation sets up the midwives' shrewd response (v. 19), which may be tactical deception or genuine observation of Hebrew women's vigor.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Royal summons to explain policy failures indicates serious governmental concern. That Pharaoh personally questions midwives (rather than executing them immediately) suggests either their social standing, the scale of the problem (widespread non-compliance), or divine restraint on his anger. This scene previews the confrontations between Moses and Pharaoh (Exodus 5-12).

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you respond wisely when questioned by authorities about your obedience to God over human commands?
  2. What does Pharaoh's need to question rather than simply execute reveal about God's protective hand on the faithful?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיִּקְרָ֤א1 of 13

called

H7121

to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

מֶֽלֶךְ2 of 13

And the king

H4428

a king

מִצְרַ֙יִם֙3 of 13

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֔ת4 of 13

for the midwives

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר5 of 13

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לָהֶ֔ן6 of 13
H0
מַדּ֥וּעַ7 of 13

unto them Why

H4069

what (is) known?; i.e., (by implication) (adverbially) why?

עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן8 of 13

have ye done

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

הַדָּבָ֣ר9 of 13

this thing

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הַזֶּ֑ה10 of 13
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ11 of 13

alive

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

אֶת12 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַיְלָדִֽים׃13 of 13

the men children

H3206

something born, i.e., a lad or offspring


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 1:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 1:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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