King James Version

What Does Exodus 1:17 Mean?

Exodus 1:17 in the King James Version says “But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

Exodus 1:17 · KJV


Context

15

And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

16

And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

17

But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

18

And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

19

And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive (וַתִּירֶאןָ הַמְיַלְּדֹת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים, vatirenah hameyaldot et-ha'Elohim)—Feared God is the pivotal phrase: reverence for God trumps fear of Pharaoh. This is the first instance of civil disobedience in Scripture, establishing a biblical precedent (Acts 5:29). The midwives' action demonstrates saving faith—fear of God producing righteous works (James 2:25-26 cites similar faith in Rahab). Saved the men children alive (וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ, vatechayenah) uses the causative form: they actively caused life, opposing death's decree. God will reward their faith with households of their own (v. 21).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This act of resistance shows that even in totalitarian Egypt, moral conscience could resist state-sanctioned murder. The midwives' successful defiance suggests either a large Hebrew population (making compliance unverifiable) or divine protection. Their courage sparked the preservation of a generation including Moses, Aaron, and others who would lead the Exodus.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you cultivate fear of God that enables you to resist ungodly authorities when necessary?
  2. What does the midwives' example teach about the relationship between faith and courageous action?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַתִּירֶ֤אןָ1 of 14

feared

H3372

to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙2 of 14

But the midwives

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

אֶת3 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָ֣אֱלֹהִ֔ים4 of 14

God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

וְלֹ֣א5 of 14
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

עָשׂ֔וּ6 of 14

and did

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר7 of 14
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

דִּבֶּ֥ר8 of 14

commanded

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

אֲלֵיהֶ֖ן9 of 14
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֶ֣לֶךְ10 of 14

not as the king

H4428

a king

מִצְרָ֑יִם11 of 14

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

וַתְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ12 of 14

alive

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

אֶת13 of 14
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַיְלָדִֽים׃14 of 14

the men children

H3206

something born, i.e., a lad or offspring


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 1:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 1:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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