King James Version

What Does Exodus 1:15 Mean?

Exodus 1:15 in the King James Version says “And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

Exodus 1:15 · KJV


Context

13

And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour:

14

And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

15

And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

16

And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

17

But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah (שִׁפְרָה וּפוּעָה, Shifrah uFu'ah)—Pharaoh's genocidal escalation targets male infants. Shiphrah (שִׁפְרָה, "beauty/splendor") and Puah (פּוּעָה, possibly "splendid" or related to a birth cry) are named, honoring their courage. Whether these are two individuals supervising many midwives or representing the Hebrew midwifery guild, their names are preserved in Scripture while Pharaoh remains anonymous—a reversal of worldly honor. God remembers the faithful by name (v. 21). This begins the Exodus theme of women as deliverers (Miriam, Jochebed, Pharaoh's daughter, Zipporah).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern midwives were respected professionals. That Pharaoh approaches Hebrew midwives suggests either Egyptian midwives refused the order or that Hebrew women birthed so quickly that only Hebrew midwives attended (v. 19). The personal names indicate historical reminiscence, not fictional narrative.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's honoring of Shiphrah and Puah encourage you when faithfulness seems unnoticed by the world?
  2. In what ways are you called to resist unjust commands, even at personal risk?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙1 of 12

spake

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

מֶ֣לֶךְ2 of 12

And the king

H4428

a king

מִצְרַ֔יִם3 of 12

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת4 of 12

midwives

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת5 of 12

to the Hebrew

H5680

an eberite (i.e., hebrew) or descendant of eber

אֲשֶׁ֨ר6 of 12
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

וְשֵׁ֥ם7 of 12

and the name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

הָֽאַחַת֙8 of 12

of the one

H259

properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first

שִׁפְרָ֔ה9 of 12

was Shiphrah

H8236

shiphrah, an israelitess

וְשֵׁ֥ם10 of 12

and the name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית11 of 12

of the other

H8145

properly, double, i.e., second; also adverbially, again

פּוּעָֽה׃12 of 12

Puah

H6326

puah, an israelitess


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 1:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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