King James Version

What Does Esther 9:28 Mean?

And that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed. fail: Heb. pass perish: Heb. be ended

Esther 9:28 · KJV


Context

26

Wherefore they called these days Purim after the name of Pur. Therefore for all the words of this letter, and of that which they had seen concerning this matter, and which had come unto them, Pur: that is, Lot

27

The Jews ordained, and took upon them, and upon their seed, and upon all such as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail, that they would keep these two days according to their writing, and according to their appointed time every year ; fail: Heb. pass

28

And that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed. fail: Heb. pass perish: Heb. be ended

29

Then Esther the queen, the daughter of Abihail, and Mordecai the Jew, wrote with all authority, to confirm this second letter of Purim. authority: Heb. strength

30

And he sent the letters unto all the Jews, to the hundred twenty and seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus, with words of peace and truth,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed. This verse emphasizes comprehensive, universal observance across all dimensions of Jewish life. The dual verbs "remembered" (nizkarim, נִזְכָּרִים) and "kept" (venaasim, וְנַעֲשִׂים) distinguish mental commemoration from practical observance—both remembering the deliverance and actively celebrating it through prescribed activities.

The fourfold geographic and social scope ensures no Jewish community escapes obligation: "every generation" (temporal continuity), "every family" (household observance), "every province" (diaspora breadth), and "every city" (local community). This comprehensive formulation parallels the Shema's command to teach God's words "when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up" (Deuteronomy 6:7)—pervasive integration into all life dimensions.

The emphatic double negative "should not fail... nor... perish" (lo yaavor... velo yasuf, לֹא־יַעֲבוֹר... וְלֹא־יָסוּף) uses two different verbs for cessation to eliminate any possibility of the memorial's extinction. This passionate insistence on perpetual remembrance reflects both gratitude for deliverance and recognition that forgetting endangers future generations. The phrase "from their seed" (mizaram, מִזַּרְעָם) emphasizes hereditary transmission—each generation must pass the memorial to the next, creating an unbroken chain of remembrance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The emphasis on remembrance across all Jewish communities regardless of location proved prophetic. Purim became universally observed in both the Land of Israel and throughout the diaspora, from Persian Babylonia to Mediterranean communities to European settlements. Historical records document Purim celebrations in diverse locations and time periods, including medieval Spain, Renaissance Italy, Ottoman Turkey, and modern America.

The specific mention of families alongside broader communities highlights Purim's unique character: while synagogue readings of the Megillah (Esther scroll) occurred communally, family celebrations with special meals, gift exchanges, and charity became equally important. This dual emphasis—public worship and private celebration—strengthened observance by making Purim both communal identity marker and intimate family tradition.

The determination that Purim should "not fail" took on tragic irony during the Holocaust, when Nazis specifically targeted Purim celebrations and murdered Jews for observing the festival. The resilience of Purim observance despite systematic attempts to destroy it validates this verse's prophetic insistence on perpetuity. Post-Holocaust Jewish communities worldwide intensified Purim celebrations, recognizing fresh parallels between Haman's genocidal plot and Hitler's Final Solution.

Reflection Questions

  1. What practices can ensure that crucial spiritual truths and testimonies of God's faithfulness pass successfully to the next generation?
  2. How does the integration of remembrance into multiple life dimensions (generation, family, geography) strengthen spiritual perseverance?
  3. In what ways should Christian communities commemorate God's historical deliverances to maintain gratitude and faith?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 24 words
וִימֵ֞י1 of 24

And that these days

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הָ֠אֵלֶּה2 of 24
H428

these or those

נִזְכָּרִ֨ים3 of 24

should be remembered

H2142

properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e., to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male

וְנַֽעֲשִׂ֜ים4 of 24

and kept

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

בְּכָל5 of 24
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

וָד֗וֹר6 of 24

every generation

H1755

properly, a revolution of time, i.e., an age or generation; also a dwelling

וָד֗וֹר7 of 24

every generation

H1755

properly, a revolution of time, i.e., an age or generation; also a dwelling

וּמִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה8 of 24

every family

H4940

a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

וּמִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה9 of 24

every family

H4940

a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

וּמְדִינָ֖ה10 of 24

every province

H4082

properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region

וּמְדִינָ֖ה11 of 24

every province

H4082

properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region

וָעִ֑יר12 of 24

and every city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

וָעִ֑יר13 of 24

and every city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

וִימֵ֞י14 of 24

And that these days

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַפּוּרִ֣ים15 of 24

of Purim

H6332

a lot (as by means of a broken piece)

הָאֵ֗לֶּה16 of 24
H428

these or those

לֹ֤א17 of 24
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יַֽעַבְרוּ֙18 of 24

should not fail

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

מִתּ֣וֹךְ19 of 24

from among

H8432

a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center

הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים20 of 24

the Jews

H3064

a jehudite (i.e., judaite or jew), or descendant of jehudah (i.e., judah)

וְזִכְרָ֖ם21 of 24

nor the memorial

H2143

a memento, abstractly recollection (rarely if ever); by implication, commemoration

לֹֽא22 of 24
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָס֥וּף23 of 24

of them perish

H5486

to snatch away, i.e., terminate

מִזַּרְעָֽם׃24 of 24

from their seed

H2233

seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Esther. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Esther 9:28 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Esther 9:28 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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