King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 9:6 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 9:6 in the King James Version says “Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any... — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 9 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.

Ecclesiastes 9:6 · KJV


Context

4

For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion.

5

For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

6

Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.

7

Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth thy works.

8

Let thy garments be always white; and let thy head lack no ointment.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished (גַּם־אַהֲבָתָם גַּם־שִׂנְאָתָם גַּם־קִנְאָתָם כְּבָר אָבָדָה)—death terminates all earthly passions and pursuits. The threefold repetition of gam (גַּם, also/even) emphasizes comprehensiveness: love (ahavah, אַהֲבָה), hatred (sin'ah, שִׂנְאָה), and envy (qin'ah, קִנְאָה) all vanish. The Hebrew avad (אָבַד, perished) means to be destroyed or lost—the emotional investments and rivalries that consumed the living cease at death.

Neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun (וְחֵלֶק אֵין־לָהֶם עוֹד לְעוֹלָם בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר נַעֲשָׂה תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ)—the dead have no cheleq (חֵלֶק, portion/share) in earthly affairs. This isn't annihilationism but recognition that death severs connection to temporal existence. The Preacher's point is urgent: invest emotions and energy wisely while alive, for death ends earthly opportunity. Jesus taught a parallel truth: "work while it is day; the night comes when no one can work" (John 9:4). The judgment seat of Christ (2 Corinthians 5:10) will evaluate earthly deeds—what we loved, hated, and pursued matters eternally, though death ends earthly participation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israel's understanding of Sheol emphasized separation from earthly life. The psalmist lamented that in Sheol "there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom" (Ecclesiastes 9:10)—the shadowy realm lacked the vibrant existence of the living. This wasn't hopelessness but realism about death's finality "under the sun." Archaeological evidence shows ancient Israelites buried the dead with minimal grave goods compared to Egyptians—reflecting less developed beliefs about afterlife activity. The verse speaks phenomenologically from earthly observation: the dead don't participate in current events, businesses, politics, or relationships. Paul later revealed that believers absent from the body are present with the Lord (2 Corinthians 5:8), but even this blessed state involves separation from earthly affairs until resurrection reunites soul and body. The Reformers emphasized that while believers' souls enjoy conscious fellowship with Christ, full redemption awaits bodily resurrection at the eschaton.

Reflection Questions

  1. What passions—whether loves, hatreds, or envies—are consuming your emotional energy, and will they matter when death ends your earthly portion?
  2. How does the reality that death terminates earthly participation motivate you to invest in eternal kingdom work while alive?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
גַּ֣ם1 of 18
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

אַהֲבָתָ֧ם2 of 18

Also their love

H160

love

גַּם3 of 18
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

שִׂנְאָתָ֛ם4 of 18

and their hatred

H8135

hate

גַּם5 of 18
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

קִנְאָתָ֖ם6 of 18

and their envy

H7068

jealousy or envy

כְּבָ֣ר7 of 18

is now

H3528

properly, extent of time, i.e., a great while; hence, long ago, formerly, hitherto

אָבָ֑דָה8 of 18

perished

H6

properly, to wander away, i.e., lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)

וְחֵ֨לֶק9 of 18

neither have they any more a portion

H2506

properly, smoothness (of the tongue)

אֵין10 of 18
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

לָהֶ֥ם11 of 18
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

עוֹד֙12 of 18
H5750

properly, iteration or continuance; used only adverbially (with or without preposition), again, repeatedly, still, more

לְעוֹלָ֔ם13 of 18

for ever

H5769

properly, concealed, i.e., the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e., (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial

בְּכֹ֥ל14 of 18
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶֽׁר15 of 18
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

נַעֲשָׂ֖ה16 of 18

in any thing that is done

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

תַּ֥חַת17 of 18
H8478

the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc

הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃18 of 18

under the sun

H8121

the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e., (architectural) a notched battlement


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 9:6 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 9:6 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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