King James Version

What Does Ecclesiastes 4:16 Mean?

Ecclesiastes 4:16 in the King James Version says “There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice i... — study this verse from Ecclesiastes chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Ecclesiastes 4:16 · KJV


Context

14

For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becometh poor.

15

I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the second child that shall stand up in his stead.

16

There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
There is no end of all the people (אֵין קֵץ לְכָל־הָעָם, ein qets lekhol-ha'am)—'no limit to all the people,' describing vast multitudes. They also that come after shall not rejoice in him (גַּם־הָאַחֲרוֹנִים לֹא יִשְׂמְחוּ־בוֹ, gam-ha'achronim lo yismchu-vo)—future generations will not delight in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit (כִּי־גַם־זֶה הֶבֶל וּרְעוּת רוּחַ, ki-gam-zeh hevel ure'ut ruach)—the book's refrain, 'vapor and striving after wind.'

The cycle completes: despite enormous popularity (ein qets, 'no end' to supporters), even the wisest leader who rose from prison will eventually be forgotten and unappreciated by subsequent generations. This isn't cynicism but realism about human nature and temporal glory. The Hebrew re'ut ruach (literally 'feeding on wind') emphasizes futility—you cannot nourish yourself on air, just as human fame cannot satisfy eternal hunger. Only the leader who is 'the same yesterday, today, and forever' (Hebrews 13:8) deserves ultimate allegiance. All earthly glory is hevel, but 'the word of the Lord endures forever' (1 Peter 1:25).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

This reflects Solomon's own experience—once celebrated as Israel's wisest and wealthiest king, yet his later apostasy led to national division immediately after his death. Few remembered his glory with joy; most recalled the heavy taxation and forced labor.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does recognizing the vanity of human fame free you to serve without needing recognition?
  2. What difference does it make to labor for Christ's eternal kingdom rather than temporal legacy?
  3. In what ways might you be 'feeding on wind' by pursuing fleeting approval?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
אֵֽין1 of 19
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

קֵ֣ץ2 of 19

There is no end

H7093

an extremity; adverbially (with prepositional prefix) after

לְכָל3 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֗ם4 of 19

of all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

לְכֹ֤ל5 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֲשֶׁר6 of 19
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

הָיָה֙7 of 19
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם8 of 19

even of all that have been before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

גַּ֥ם9 of 19
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

הָאַחֲרוֹנִ֖ים10 of 19

them they also that come after

H314

hinder; generally, late or last; specifically (as facing the east) western

לֹ֣א11 of 19
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִשְׂמְחוּ12 of 19

shall not rejoice

H8055

probably to brighten up, i.e., (figuratively) be (causatively, make) blithe or gleesome

ב֑וֹ13 of 19
H0
כִּֽי14 of 19
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

גַם15 of 19
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

זֶ֥ה16 of 19
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

הֶ֖בֶל17 of 19

in him Surely this also is vanity

H1892

emptiness or vanity; figuratively, something transitory and unsatisfactory; often used as an adverb

וְרַעְי֥וֹן18 of 19

and vexation

H7475

desire

רֽוּחַ׃19 of 19

of spirit

H7307

wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Ecclesiastes. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Ecclesiastes 4:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Ecclesiastes 4:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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