King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 19:3 Mean?

Deuteronomy 19:3 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into th... — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.

Deuteronomy 19:3 · KJV


Context

1

When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; succeedest: Heb. inheritest, or, possessest

2

Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

3

Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.

4

And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly , whom he hated not in time past; in: Heb. from yesterday the third day

5

As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live: head: Heb. iron helve: Heb. wood lighteth: Heb. findeth


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither. Infrastructure supporting mercy required intentional preparation - roads to refuge cities must be maintained and clearly marked. God commands not just mercy in principle but practical provision enabling its access.

The command prepare thee a way indicates active responsibility to make refuge accessible. Unused mercy is useless mercy - compassion requires creating paths that enable its exercise. Israel must build and maintain roads facilitating flight to safety.

Dividing into three parts ensured comprehensive coverage - no region lacked nearby refuge. This demonstrates God's concern for equitable access to justice and mercy throughout the land, not concentrated in one privileged area.

The phrase that every slayer may flee emphasizes universal availability. Refugee protection was not selective favor but provided equally to all who needed it, regardless of tribe or region.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish tradition records that roads to cities of refuge were well-maintained, marked with signs reading 'refuge,' and kept wide enough for easy travel. This practical infrastructure enabled the law's merciful intent.

Neglecting this infrastructure would have rendered the refuge provision meaningless - mercy must be accessible to be effective.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the command to build refuge roads teach about practical expressions of mercy?
  2. How does maintaining infrastructure for justice demonstrate that compassion requires action?
  3. Why is equitable access to mercy important rather than concentrating it in select locations?
  4. What modern parallels exist to making mercy and justice accessible through practical infrastructure?
  5. How does universal availability of refuge reflect God's impartial provision of mercy?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
תָּכִ֣ין1 of 16

Thou shalt prepare

H3559

properly, to be erect (i.e., stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,

לְךָ֮2 of 16
H0
הַדֶּרֶךְ֒3 of 16

thee a way

H1870

a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb

וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙4 of 16

into three parts

H8027

to be (causatively, make) triplicate (by restoration, in portions, strands, days or years)

אֶת5 of 16
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

גְּב֣וּל6 of 16

and divide the coasts

H1366

properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e., (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed

אַרְצְךָ֔7 of 16

of thy land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר8 of 16
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יַנְחִֽילְךָ֖9 of 16

giveth thee to inherit

H5157

to inherit (as a (figurative) mode of descent), or (generally) to occupy; causatively, to bequeath, or (generally) distribute, instate

יְהוָ֣ה10 of 16

which the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ11 of 16

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

וְהָיָ֕ה12 of 16
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לָנ֥וּס13 of 16

may flee

H5127

to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)

שָׁ֖מָּה14 of 16
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

כָּל15 of 16
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

רֹצֵֽחַ׃16 of 16

that every slayer

H7523

properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 19:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 19:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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