King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 19:2 Mean?

Deuteronomy 19:2 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

Deuteronomy 19:2 · KJV


Context

1

When the LORD thy God hath cut off the nations, whose land the LORD thy God giveth thee, and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; succeedest: Heb. inheritest, or, possessest

2

Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

3

Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to inherit, into three parts, that every slayer may flee thither.

4

And this is the case of the slayer, which shall flee thither, that he may live: Whoso killeth his neighbour ignorantly , whom he hated not in time past; in: Heb. from yesterday the third day


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt separate three cities for thee in the midst of thy land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it. Cities of refuge demonstrate God's mercy alongside His justice. While requiring punishment for intentional murder, He provides protection for accidental manslaughter, balancing justice with compassion.

The command to separate three cities indicates deliberate setting apart for special purpose. These cities functioned differently from others, dedicated to preserving innocent life from revenge killing. God institutes structures protecting the vulnerable from vigilante justice.

Placement in the midst of thy land ensured accessibility - refuge cities strategically located so every region had nearby protection. God's mercy must be accessible to those who need it, not confined to remote locations requiring impossible journeys.

This system foreshadows Christ as our refuge from divine justice. Those who flee to Him find protection from the wrath we deserve, covered by His substitutionary atonement.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Joshua established six cities of refuge total - three west of Jordan (Deuteronomy 19 refers to these) and three east of Jordan. These provided sanctuary for unintentional killers until trial could determine guilt or innocence.

The cities were Levitical cities, ensuring priests could instruct fugitives and maintain justice. This combined mercy with proper legal process.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do cities of refuge demonstrate the balance between God's justice and mercy?
  2. What does strategic placement of refuge cities teach about God's accessible mercy?
  3. How does the city of refuge system foreshadow Christ as refuge from divine wrath?
  4. Why was it important that refuge be available quickly without requiring impossible journeys?
  5. What does location of refuge cities in Levitical cities teach about combining mercy with legal justice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
שָׁל֥וֹשׁ1 of 12

three

H7969

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

עָרִ֖ים2 of 12

cities

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

תַּבְדִּ֣יל3 of 12

Thou shalt separate

H914

to divide (in variation senses literally or figuratively, separate, distinguish, differ, select, etc.)

לָ֑ךְ4 of 12
H0
בְּת֣וֹךְ5 of 12

for thee in the midst

H8432

a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center

אַרְצְךָ֔6 of 12

of thy land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

אֲשֶׁר֙7 of 12
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יְהוָ֣ה8 of 12

which the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ9 of 12

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

נֹתֵ֥ן10 of 12

giveth

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

לְךָ֖11 of 12
H0
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃12 of 12

thee to possess

H3423

to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 19:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 19:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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