King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 10:20 Mean?

Deuteronomy 10:20 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name. — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name.

Deuteronomy 10:20 · KJV


Context

18

He doth execute the judgment of the fatherless and widow, and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment.

19

Love ye therefore the stranger: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.

20

Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God; him shalt thou serve, and to him shalt thou cleave, and swear by his name.

21

He is thy praise, and he is thy God, that hath done for thee these great and terrible things, which thine eyes have seen.

22

Thy fathers went down into Egypt with threescore and ten persons; and now the LORD thy God hath made thee as the stars of heaven for multitude.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt fear the LORD thy God—The Hebrew yare (fear) combines reverential awe and obedient submission, not servile terror. This fear is relational, grounded in God's covenant character (v. 17-19). Him shalt thou serve (avad, serve/worship) demands exclusive allegiance. To him shalt thou cleave uses dabaq (cleave/cling), the same word for marital union (Genesis 2:24), depicting covenant intimacy and loyalty.

Swear by his name means invoking Yahweh as witness to oaths, affirming He alone is the ultimate authority and truth. Jesus's 'You cannot serve two masters' (Matthew 6:24) and His identification as the bridegroom (John 3:29) echo this covenantal exclusivity. Paul commands us to 'cleave' to Christ (Romans 12:9, using the Greek equivalent). The trilogy—fear, serve, cleave—defines total devotion that prefigures union with Christ.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Moses preached this on Moab's plains as Israel prepared to enter a land saturated with Baal worship and fertility cults. The command to 'cleave' to Yahweh alone anticipated the constant temptation toward syncretism that would plague Israel throughout the Judges and monarchy periods.

Reflection Questions

  1. What competing allegiances (career, comfort, popularity) tempt you to divide your loyalty from 'cleaving' exclusively to Christ?
  2. How does the marital imagery of 'cleaving' to God deepen your understanding of covenantal relationship with Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
אֶת1 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יְהוָ֧ה2 of 10

the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ3 of 10

thy God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

תִּירָ֖א4 of 10

Thou shalt fear

H3372

to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

אֹת֣וֹ5 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

תַֽעֲבֹ֑ד6 of 10

him shalt thou serve

H5647

to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc

וּב֣וֹ7 of 10
H0
תִדְבָּ֔ק8 of 10

and to him shalt thou cleave

H1692

properly, to impinge, i.e., cling or adhere; figuratively, to catch by pursuit

וּבִשְׁמ֖וֹ9 of 10

by his name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

תִּשָּׁבֵֽעַ׃10 of 10

and swear

H7650

to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 10:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 10:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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