King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 20:9 Mean?

2 Samuel 20:9 in the King James Version says “And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him... — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him.

2 Samuel 20:9 · KJV


Context

7

And there went out after him Joab's men, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, and all the mighty men: and they went out of Jerusalem, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.

8

When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa went before them. And Joab's garment that he had put on was girded unto him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in the sheath thereof; and as he went forth it fell out.

9

And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him.

10

But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand: so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri. struck: Heb. doubled not his stroke

11

And one of Joab's men stood by him, and said, He that favoureth Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of ongoing challenges to authority?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 14 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר1 of 14

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יוֹאָ֛ב2 of 14

And Joab

H3097

joab, the name of three israelites

עֲמָשָׂ֖א3 of 14

Amasa

H6021

amasa, the name of two israelites

הֲשָׁל֥וֹם4 of 14

Art thou in health

H7965

safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace

אַתָּ֖ה5 of 14
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

אָחִ֑י6 of 14

my brother

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

וַתֹּ֜חֶז7 of 14

took

H270

to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)

יַד8 of 14

hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

יְמִ֥ין9 of 14

with the right

H3225

the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south

יוֹאָ֛ב10 of 14

And Joab

H3097

joab, the name of three israelites

בִּזְקַ֥ן11 of 14

by the beard

H2206

the beard (as indicating age)

עֲמָשָׂ֖א12 of 14

Amasa

H6021

amasa, the name of two israelites

לִנְשָׁק13 of 14

to kiss

H5401

to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons

לֽוֹ׃14 of 14
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 20:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 20:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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