King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 20:12 Mean?

And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still.

2 Samuel 20:12 · KJV


Context

10

But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand: so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri. struck: Heb. doubled not his stroke

11

And one of Joab's men stood by him, and said, He that favoureth Joab, and he that is for David, let him go after Joab.

12

And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still.

13

When he was removed out of the highway, all the people went on after Joab, to pursue after Sheba the son of Bichri.

14

And he went through all the tribes of Israel unto Abel, and to Bethmaachah, and all the Berites: and they were gathered together , and went also after him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Amasa wallowed in blood in the midst of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he removed Amasa out of the highway into the field, and cast a cloth upon him, when he saw that every one that came by him stood still.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of ongoing challenges to authority?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 26 words
עֲמָשָׂ֨א1 of 26

Amasa

H6021

amasa, the name of two israelites

מִתְגֹּלֵ֥ל2 of 26

wallowed

H1556

to roll (literally or figuratively)

בַּדָּ֖ם3 of 26

in blood

H1818

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe

בְּת֣וֹךְ4 of 26

in the midst

H8432

a bisection, i.e., (by implication) the center

הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה5 of 26

of the highway

H4546

a thoroughfare (as turnpiked), literally or figuratively; specifically a viaduct, a staircase

רָאָ֔ה6 of 26

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

הָאִ֜ישׁ7 of 26

And when the man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

כִּֽי8 of 26
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

וְעָמָֽד׃9 of 26

by him stood still

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

כָּל10 of 26
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֗ם11 of 26

that all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

וַיַּסֵּב֩12 of 26

he removed

H5437

to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively

אֶת13 of 26
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

עֲמָשָׂ֨א14 of 26

Amasa

H6021

amasa, the name of two israelites

מִן15 of 26
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הַֽמְסִלָּ֤ה16 of 26

of the highway

H4546

a thoroughfare (as turnpiked), literally or figuratively; specifically a viaduct, a staircase

הַשָּׂדֶה֙17 of 26

into the field

H7704

a field (as flat)

וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ18 of 26

and cast

H7993

to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)

עָלָיו֙19 of 26
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

בֶּ֔גֶד20 of 26

a cloth

H899

a covering, i.e., clothing

כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר21 of 26
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

רָאָ֔ה22 of 26

saw

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

כָּל23 of 26
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַבָּ֥א24 of 26

that every one that came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

עָלָ֖יו25 of 26
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

וְעָמָֽד׃26 of 26

by him stood still

H5975

to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 20:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 2 Samuel 20:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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