King James Version

What Does 2 Samuel 11:20 Mean?

2 Samuel 11:20 in the King James Version says “And if so be that the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye di... — study this verse from 2 Samuel chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if so be that the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall?

2 Samuel 11:20 · KJV


Context

18

Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;

19

And charged the messenger, saying, When thou hast made an end of telling the matters of the war unto the king,

20

And if so be that the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall?

21

Who smote Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? did not a woman cast a piece of a millstone upon him from the wall, that he died in Thebez? why went ye nigh the wall? then say thou, Thy servant Uriah the Hittite is dead also.

22

So the messenger went, and came and shewed David all that Joab had sent him for.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if so be that the king's wrath arise, and he say unto thee, Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city when ye did fight? knew ye not that they would shoot from the wall?

This verse contributes to the narrative of David and Bathsheba, emphasizing devastating consequences of sin. David's adultery with Bathsheba and murder of Uriah represent the nadir of his reign. The Hebrew narrative's sparse, matter-of-fact reporting heightens the horror. The phrase "but the thing that David had done displeased the LORD" (v. 27) marks divine displeasure. This chapter demonstrates that even "a man after God's own heart" can fall catastrophically when neglecting spiritual disciplines and succumbing to temptation. Cross-references to Psalm 51 reveal David's repentance.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 11 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding devastating consequences of sin provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage deepen your understanding of devastating consequences of sin?
  2. What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
  3. In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וְהָיָ֗ה1 of 19
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אִֽם2 of 19
H518

used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not

תַּעֲלֶה֙3 of 19

arise

H5927

to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative

חֲמַ֣ת4 of 19

wrath

H2534

heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)

הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ5 of 19

And if so be that the king's

H4428

a king

וְאָמַ֣ר6 of 19

and he say

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לְךָ֔7 of 19
H0
מַדּ֛וּעַ8 of 19
H4069

what (is) known?; i.e., (by implication) (adverbially) why?

נִגַּשְׁתֶּ֥ם9 of 19

unto thee Wherefore approached ye so nigh

H5066

to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati

אֶל10 of 19
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הָעִ֖יר11 of 19

unto the city

H5892

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

לְהִלָּחֵ֑ם12 of 19

when ye did fight

H3898

to feed on; figuratively, to consume

הֲל֣וֹא13 of 19
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם14 of 19

knew

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

אֵ֥ת15 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲשֶׁר16 of 19
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

יֹר֖וּ17 of 19

ye not that they would shoot

H3384

properly, to flow as water (i.e., to rain); transitively, to lay or throw (especially an arrow, i.e., to shoot); figuratively, to point out (as if by

מֵעַ֥ל18 of 19
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַֽחוֹמָֽה׃19 of 19

from the wall

H2346

a wall of protection


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 2 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

2 Samuel 11:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study