King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 24:17 Mean?

1 Samuel 24:17 in the King James Version says “And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 24 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.

1 Samuel 24:17 · King James Version


Context

15

The LORD therefore be judge, and judge between me and thee, and see, and plead my cause, and deliver me out of thine hand. deliver: Heb. judge

16

And it came to pass, when David had made an end of speaking these words unto Saul, that Saul said, Is this thy voice, my son David? And Saul lifted up his voice, and wept.

17

And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.

18

And thou hast shewed this day how that thou hast dealt well with me: forasmuch as when the LORD had delivered me into thine hand, thou killedst me not. delivered: Heb. shut up

19

For if a man find his enemy, will he let him go well away? wherefore the LORD reward thee good for that thou hast done unto me this day.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he said to David, Thou art more righteous than I: for thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil.

Saul's confession employs comparative language that falls short of full repentance. The Hebrew 'tsaddik attah mimmeni' (you are more righteous than I) acknowledges relative moral standing without absolute self-condemnation. His recognition of the exchange—David giving good for evil—accurately describes the dynamic. The Hebrew 'gemaltani tovah' (rewarded me good) and 'gemaltikha ra'ah' (rewarded you evil) uses covenant language of recompense. Saul states facts without committing to change. His confession resembles Pharaoh's temporary admissions under pressure (Exodus 9:27; 10:16)—accurate assessments during crisis that failed to produce lasting transformation.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Public acknowledgment of wrongdoing before witnesses created binding social expectations in ancient Israel. Saul's confession before his army should have constrained future action, but his subsequent pursuit of David showed the confession's hollowness.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why is acknowledging someone is 'more righteous' insufficient for genuine repentance?
  2. How do you distinguish between temporary remorse and transformative repentance?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙1 of 13

And he said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶל2 of 13
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

דָּוִ֔ד3 of 13

to David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

צַדִּ֥יק4 of 13

Thou art more righteous

H6662

just

אַתָּ֖ה5 of 13
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

מִמֶּ֑נִּי6 of 13
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

כִּ֤י7 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אַתָּה֙8 of 13
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָ9 of 13

than I for thou hast rewarded

H1580

to treat a person (well or ill), i.e., benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e., (specifically) to wean

הַטּוֹבָ֔ה10 of 13

me good

H2896

good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good

וַֽאֲנִ֖י11 of 13
H589

i

גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָ12 of 13

than I for thou hast rewarded

H1580

to treat a person (well or ill), i.e., benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e., (specifically) to wean

הָֽרָעָֽה׃13 of 13

thee evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 24:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 24:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study