King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 21:12 Mean?

1 Samuel 21:12 in the King James Version says “And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

1 Samuel 21:12 · KJV


Context

10

And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11

And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

12

And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

13

And he changed his behaviour before them, and feigned himself mad in their hands, and scrabbled on the doors of the gate, and let his spittle fall down upon his beard. scrabbled: or, made marks

14

Then said Achish unto his servants, Lo, ye see the man is mad: wherefore then have ye brought him to me? is mad: or, playeth the mad man


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

The Hebrew phrase 'vayasem et-haddevarim' (laid up these words) indicates David carefully considered the implications of what he heard. His fear intensified—'vayira me'od' (was exceedingly afraid). This internal response contrasts sharply with the David who faced Goliath without trembling. The difference reveals that circumstances, exhaustion, and isolation can erode even courageous faith. David's fear was rational—he had entered enemy territory carrying their champion's weapon. Yet his response would demonstrate that faith can coexist with fear, and that God's servants sometimes find deliverance through unconventional means. Psalm 56 records his prayer during this terrifying time.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

David's decision to flee to Gath may have assumed that enemies of his enemy (Saul) might become allies. This calculation failed because his reputation preceded him. Ancient Near Eastern kings frequently executed enemy champions to prevent future threats.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you process threatening information—do you ruminate in fear or bring it to God in prayer?
  2. What does David's 'exceeding fear' teach about the experience of fear even among the faithful?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיָּ֧שֶׂם1 of 12

laid up

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

דָּוִ֛ד2 of 12

And David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

אֶת3 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַדְּבָרִ֥ים4 of 12

these words

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

הָאֵ֖לֶּה5 of 12
H428

these or those

בִּלְבָב֑וֹ6 of 12

in his heart

H3824

the heart (as the most interior organ)

וַיִּרָ֣א7 of 12

afraid

H3372

to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten

מְאֹ֔ד8 of 12

and was sore

H3966

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or

מִפְּנֵ֖י9 of 12

of

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

אָכִ֥ישׁ10 of 12

Achish

H397

akish, a philistine king

מֶֽלֶךְ11 of 12

the king

H4428

a king

גַּֽת׃12 of 12

of Gath

H1661

gath, a philistine city


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 21:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 21:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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