King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 21:10 Mean?

1 Samuel 21:10 in the King James Version says “And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

1 Samuel 21:10 · KJV


Context

8

And David said unto Ahimelech, And is there not here under thine hand spear or sword? for I have neither brought my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king's business required haste.

9

And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me.

10

And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

11

And the servants of Achish said unto him, Is not this David the king of the land? did they not sing one to another of him in dances, saying, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

12

And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And David arose, and fled that day for fear of Saul, and went to Achish the king of Gath.

David's flight to Gath represents desperate, fear-driven decision-making. The Hebrew 'mipne' (from the face of) emphasizes he fled from Saul's threatening presence. Gath was Goliath's hometown—arguably the most dangerous place for David to seek refuge. Yet in his panic, David may have reasoned that enemy territory was safer than Saul's domain. This decision reveals how fear can drive even wise leaders to foolish choices. The future king who would trust God through many trials here succumbed to panic, illustrating the ongoing struggle between faith and fear that marks every believer's journey.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Gath was one of five major Philistine cities, located in the Shephelah (lowlands) west of Judah. As Goliath's city, it held particular animosity toward David. The Philistine city-states operated semi-independently under their own kings (seranim).

Reflection Questions

  1. When has fear driven you to make decisions you later recognized as unwise?
  2. How do you distinguish between strategic retreat and fear-driven flight?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיָּ֣קָם1 of 12

arose

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

דָּוִ֔ד2 of 12

And David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

וַיִּבְרַ֥ח3 of 12

and fled

H1272

to bolt, i.e., figuratively, to flee suddenly

בַּיּוֹם4 of 12

that day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַה֖וּא5 of 12
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

מִפְּנֵ֣י6 of 12

for fear

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

שָׁא֑וּל7 of 12

of Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

וַיָּבֹ֕א8 of 12

and went

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

אֶל9 of 12
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אָכִ֖ישׁ10 of 12

to Achish

H397

akish, a philistine king

מֶ֥לֶךְ11 of 12

the king

H4428

a king

גַּֽת׃12 of 12

of Gath

H1661

gath, a philistine city


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 21:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 21:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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