King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 2:13 Mean?

1 Samuel 2:13 in the King James Version says “And the priests' custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the ... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the priests' custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand;

1 Samuel 2:13 · KJV


Context

11

And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest.

12

Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.

13

And the priests' custom with the people was, that, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand;

14

And he struck it into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither.

15

Also before they burnt the fat, the priest's servant came, and said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The detailed description of priestly corruption begins. The 'custom' (mishpat, which can mean either practice or judgment) of these priests perverted proper sacrificial procedure. The three-pronged fork used to select meat portions was meant to take what God had designated for priests. Instead, it became a tool for random seizure. The boiling pot - intended for the worshipers' communion meal - became the priests' personal buffet. What should have been orderly worship became chaotic exploitation of those who came to honor God.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Levitical law specified that priests received the breast and right thigh of peace offerings (Leviticus 7:31-34). By using a fork in boiling pots, Eli's sons claimed random portions before proper procedures were followed, mixing their allotment with the worshipers' share.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do religious practices become corrupted from their original purposes?
  2. What safeguards protect against leaders exploiting those they are meant to serve?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
וּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט1 of 17

custom

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind

הַכֹּהֵן֙2 of 17

And the priests

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

אֶת3 of 17
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

הָעָ֑ם4 of 17

with the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

כָּל5 of 17
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אִ֞ישׁ6 of 17

was that when any man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

זֹבֵ֣חַ7 of 17

offered

H2076

to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)

זֶ֗בַח8 of 17

sacrifice

H2077

properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)

וּבָ֨א9 of 17

came

H935

to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)

נַ֤עַר10 of 17

servant

H5288

(concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latit

הַכֹּהֵן֙11 of 17

And the priests

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

כְּבַשֵּׁ֣ל12 of 17

was in seething

H1310

properly, to boil up; hence, to be done in cooking; figuratively to ripen

הַבָּשָׂ֔ר13 of 17

while the flesh

H1320

flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man

וְהַמַּזְלֵ֛ג14 of 17

with a fleshhook

H4207

a fork

שְׁלֹ֥שׁ15 of 17

of three

H7969

three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

הַשִּׁנַּ֖יִם16 of 17

teeth

H8127

a tooth (as sharp); specifically ivory; figuratively, a cliff

בְּיָדֽוֹ׃17 of 17

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 2:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 2:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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