King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 18:9 Mean?

1 Samuel 18:9 in the King James Version says “And Saul eyed David from that day and forward. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Saul eyed David from that day and forward.

1 Samuel 18:9 · KJV


Context

7

And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands.

8

And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him; and he said, They have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed but thousands: and what can he have more but the kingdom? displeased him: Heb. was evil in his eyes

9

And Saul eyed David from that day and forward.

10

And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house: and David played with his hand, as at other times: and there was a javelin in Saul's hand.

11

And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even to the wall with it. And David avoided out of his presence twice.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Saul eyed David from that day and forward.

Jonathan's covenant with David exemplifies godly friendship that transcends personal ambition and family loyalty. Though Jonathan was heir to Saul's throne, he recognized God's choice of David and submitted to divine purposes. His willingness to risk his father's wrath to protect David demonstrates loyalty rooted in spiritual discernment rather than political advantage. The covenant between Jonathan and David foreshadows Christ's faithful friendship with believers, showing covenant love that sacrificially serves another's good even at personal cost.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The establishment of monarchy around 1050-1010 BCE represented a dramatic political and theological shift for Israel. Unlike surrounding nations where kings were considered divine or semi-divine, Israel's kings were supposed to function under God's ultimate authority as laid out in Deuteronomy 17:14-20. The Benjamite tribe occupied strategic territory between Ephraim and Judah, making Saul's selection a politically astute choice to balance tribal rivalries. Archaeological remains from this period show increased fortification and centralization of settlements, confirming the transition to state-level organization.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does covenant faithfulness in this passage illuminate God's character and His commitment to His promises despite human unfaithfulness?
  2. What specific heart attitudes, thought patterns, or life practices does this passage call you to examine or change?
  3. How does the covenant relationship in this passage illuminate the new covenant established through Christ's blood?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וַיְהִ֥י1 of 8
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

שָׁא֖וּל2 of 8

And Saul

H7586

shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites

עֹוֵ֣ן3 of 8

eyed

H5770

to watch (with jealosy)

אֶת4 of 8
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

דָּוִ֑ד5 of 8

David

H1732

david, the youngest son of jesse

מֵֽהַיּ֥וֹם6 of 8

from that day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַה֖וּא7 of 8
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

וָהָֽלְאָה׃8 of 8

and forward

H1973

to the distance, i.e., far away; also (of time) thus far


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 18:9 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 18:9 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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