King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 13:23 Mean?

1 Samuel 13:23 in the King James Version says “And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash. garrison: or, standing camp — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash. garrison: or, standing camp

1 Samuel 13:23 · KJV


Context

21

Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks , and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. a file: Heb. a file with mouths sharpen: Heb. to set

22

So it came to pass in the day of battle, that there was neither sword nor spear found in the hand of any of the people that were with Saul and Jonathan: but with Saul and with Jonathan his son was there found.

23

And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash. garrison: or, standing camp


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.

The chapter concludes with Philistine forces at 'the passage of Michmash,' controlling the strategic pass that Jonathan will use for his assault in chapter 14. The Hebrew mattsab ('garrison' or 'outpost') indicates an advance position designed to prevent Israelite movement. This geographical detail sets up the narrative tension: the enemy controls the heights, Israel cowers below, and only divine intervention can change the situation. The stage is set for faith's triumph over fear.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The pass of Michmash was a narrow, steep-sided gorge that provided the main route through the central highlands. Control of this pass gave the Philistines strategic dominance over the entire region. The terrain features - two rocky crags flanking the pass - would figure prominently in Jonathan's daring attack.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does strategic positioning by enemies of God's purposes set the stage for divine intervention?
  2. What 'impossible situations' in your life might be preparation for God's dramatic action?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וַיֵּצֵא֙1 of 6

went out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

מַצַּ֣ב2 of 6

And the garrison

H4673

a fixed spot; figuratively, an office, a military post

פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים3 of 6

of the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

אֶֽל4 of 6
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מַעֲבַ֖ר5 of 6

to the passage

H4569

a crossing-place (of a river, a ford; of a mountain, a pass); abstractly, a transit, i.e., (figuratively) overwhelming

מִכְמָֽשׂ׃6 of 6

of Michmash

H4363

mikmas or mikmash, a place in palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 13:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 13:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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