King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 13:19 Mean?

1 Samuel 13:19 in the King James Version says “Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swo... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:

1 Samuel 13:19 · KJV


Context

17

And the spoilers came out of the camp of the Philistines in three companies: one company turned unto the way that leadeth to Ophrah, unto the land of Shual:

18

And another company turned the way to Bethhoron: and another company turned to the way of the border that looketh to the valley of Zeboim toward the wilderness.

19

Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:

20

But all the Israelites went down to the Philistines, to sharpen every man his share, and his coulter, and his axe, and his mattock.

21

Yet they had a file for the mattocks, and for the coulters, and for the forks , and for the axes, and to sharpen the goads. a file: Heb. a file with mouths sharpen: Heb. to set


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Now there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel: for the Philistines said, Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears:

The narrator explains Israel's military weakness: 'there was no smith found throughout all the land of Israel.' Philistine control of iron-working technology created complete dependence and military vulnerability. This technological subjugation ('Lest the Hebrews make them swords or spears') reveals the depth of Israel's oppression. The situation parallels modern economic and technological colonialism. Yet God would deliver Israel despite this disadvantage, demonstrating that victory depends not on superior technology but on divine power.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Iron-working technology was a closely guarded secret in the ancient Near East. The Philistines, possibly descendants of Aegean peoples, possessed advanced metallurgy that gave them significant military advantage. This iron monopoly explains Philistine military dominance during this period.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do oppressive powers use economic and technological control to maintain dominance?
  2. What does God's deliverance despite technological disadvantage teach about trusting Him?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וְחָרָשׁ֙1 of 15

Now there was no smith

H2796

a fabricator or any material

לֹ֣א2 of 15
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִמָּצֵ֔א3 of 15

found

H4672

properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

בְּכֹ֖ל4 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

אֶ֣רֶץ5 of 15

throughout all the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל6 of 15

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

כִּֽי7 of 15
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אָֽמְר֣8 of 15

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים9 of 15

for the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

פֶּ֚ן10 of 15
H6435

properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest

יַֽעֲשׂ֣וּ11 of 15

make

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

הָֽעִבְרִ֔ים12 of 15

Lest the Hebrews

H5680

an eberite (i.e., hebrew) or descendant of eber

חֶ֖רֶב13 of 15

them swords

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

א֥וֹ14 of 15
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

חֲנִֽית׃15 of 15

or spears

H2595

a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 13:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 13:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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