King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 12:21 Mean?

1 Samuel 12:21 in the King James Version says “And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are vain. — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are vain.

1 Samuel 12:21 · KJV


Context

19

And all the people said unto Samuel, Pray for thy servants unto the LORD thy God, that we die not: for we have added unto all our sins this evil, to ask us a king.

20

And Samuel said unto the people, Fear not: ye have done all this wickedness: yet turn not aside from following the LORD, but serve the LORD with all your heart;

21

And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are vain.

22

For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great name's sake: because it hath pleased the LORD to make you his people.

23

Moreover as for me, God forbid that I should sin against the LORD in ceasing to pray for you: but I will teach you the good and the right way: in: Heb. from


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And turn ye not aside: for then should ye go after vain things, which cannot profit nor deliver; for they are vain.

Samuel warns against turning to 'vain things' (tohu) - the same Hebrew word used for the formless void before creation (Genesis 1:2). These empty, chaotic alternatives 'cannot profit nor deliver, for they are vain.' The inability to 'profit' (ya'al) or 'deliver' (natsal) - the very things Israel sought from a king - exposes the futility of trusting anything other than Yahweh. This applies not only to idols but to any false source of security, including the monarchy itself if not subordinated to God.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Hebrew tohu connects to prophetic polemic against idolatry (Isaiah 41:29; 44:9). The term emphasizes not merely the moral wrong of idolatry but its practical futility - idols cannot deliver because they are nothing. Samuel applies this logic to any alternative to covenant faithfulness.

Reflection Questions

  1. What 'vain things' promise profit and deliverance but cannot deliver?
  2. How does recognizing alternatives to God as empty 'chaos' reframe our choices?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וְלֹ֖א1 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תָּס֑וּרוּ2 of 13

And turn ye not aside

H5493

to turn off (literally or figuratively)

כִּ֣י׀3 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אַֽחֲרֵ֣י4 of 13

for then should ye go after

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

תֹ֥הוּ5 of 13

for they are vain

H8414

a desolation (of surface), i.e., desert; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain

אֲשֶׁ֧ר6 of 13
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

לֹֽא7 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יוֹעִ֛ילוּ8 of 13

things which cannot profit

H3276

properly, to ascend; figuratively, to be valuable (objectively; useful, subjectively; benefited)

וְלֹ֥א9 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יַצִּ֖ילוּ10 of 13

nor deliver

H5337

to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense

כִּי11 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תֹ֥הוּ12 of 13

for they are vain

H8414

a desolation (of surface), i.e., desert; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain

הֵֽמָּה׃13 of 13
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 12:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 12:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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