King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 20:21 Mean?

1 Kings 20:21 in the King James Version says “And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter. — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.

1 Kings 20:21 · KJV


Context

19

So these young men of the princes of the provinces came out of the city, and the army which followed them.

20

And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and Israel pursued them: and Benhadad the king of Syria escaped on an horse with the horsemen.

21

And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.

22

And the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said unto him, Go, strengthen thyself, and mark, and see what thou doest: for at the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee.

23

And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of ahab's wars with syria, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage illustrate the importance of complete obedience to God's word without compromise?
  2. What does Elijah's ministry reveal about God's character and His commitment to His covenant people?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וַיֵּצֵא֙1 of 12

went out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

מֶ֣לֶךְ2 of 12

And the king

H4428

a king

יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל3 of 12

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

וְהִכָּ֥ה4 of 12

and slew

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

אֶת5 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַסּ֖וּס6 of 12

the horses

H5483

a horse (as leaping)

וְאֶת7 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָרָ֑כֶב8 of 12

and chariots

H7393

a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone

וְהִכָּ֥ה9 of 12

and slew

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

בַֽאֲרָ֖ם10 of 12

the Syrians

H758

aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite

מַכָּ֥ה11 of 12

slaughter

H4347

a blow (in 2 chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence

גְדוֹלָֽה׃12 of 12

with a great

H1419

great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 20:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 20:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study