King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 2:21 Mean?

1 Kings 2:21 in the King James Version says “And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife. — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.

1 Kings 2:21 · KJV


Context

19

Bathsheba therefore went unto king Solomon, to speak unto him for Adonijah. And the king rose up to meet her, and bowed himself unto her, and sat down on his throne, and caused a seat to be set for the king's mother; and she sat on his right hand.

20

Then she said, I desire one small petition of thee; I pray thee, say me not nay. And the king said unto her, Ask on, my mother: for I will not say thee nay.

21

And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.

22

And king Solomon answered and said unto his mother, And why dost thou ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? ask for him the kingdom also; for he is mine elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.

23

Then king Solomon sware by the LORD, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah have not spoken this word against his own life.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And she said, Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah thy brother to wife.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of david's death and solomon's consolidation of power, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage illustrate the importance of clear succession planning and communication in leadership transitions?
  2. What does Solomon's consolidation of power reveal about the relationship between justice, mercy, and political necessity?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
וַתֹּ֕אמֶר1 of 8

And she said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יֻתַּ֖ן2 of 8

be given

H5414

to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)

אֶת3 of 8
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אֲבִישַׁ֣ג4 of 8

Let Abishag

H49

abishag, a concubine of david

הַשֻּֽׁנַמִּ֑ית5 of 8

the Shunammite

H7767

a shunammitess, or female inhabitant of shunem

לַאֲדֹֽנִיָּ֥הוּ6 of 8

to Adonijah

H138

adonijah, the name of three israelites

אָחִ֖יךָ7 of 8

thy brother

H251

a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])

לְאִשָּֽׁה׃8 of 8

to wife

H802

a woman


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 2:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 2:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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