King James Version

What Does 1 Kings 1:39 Mean?

1 Kings 1:39 in the King James Version says “And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all... — study this verse from 1 Kings chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon.

1 Kings 1:39 · KJV


Context

37

As the LORD hath been with my lord the king, even so be he with Solomon, and make his throne greater than the throne of my lord king David.

38

So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites, and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride upon king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon.

39

And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon.

40

And all the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the sound of them. pipes: or, flutes

41

And Adonijah and all the guests that were with him heard it as they had made an end of eating. And when Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, Wherefore is this noise of the city being in an uproar?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle, and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the people said, God save king Solomon.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's accession and adonijah's rebellion, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this passage illustrate the importance of clear succession planning and communication in leadership transitions?
  2. What does Solomon's consolidation of power reveal about the relationship between justice, mercy, and political necessity?
  3. How does this verse point toward or prepare for the coming of Christ and His eternal kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 19 words
וַיִּקַּח֩1 of 19

took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

צָד֨וֹק2 of 19

And Zadok

H6659

tsadok, the name of eight or nine israelites

הַכֹּהֵ֜ן3 of 19

the priest

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

אֶת4 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

קֶ֤רֶן5 of 19

an horn

H7161

a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask, cornet; by resemblance. an elephant's tooth (i.e., ivory), a corner (of the altar), a peak (of a moun

הַשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙6 of 19

of oil

H8081

grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed); figuratively, richness

מִן7 of 19
H4480

properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses

הָאֹ֔הֶל8 of 19

out of the tabernacle

H168

a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)

וַיִּמְשַׁ֖ח9 of 19

and anointed

H4886

to rub with oil, i.e., to anoint; by implication, to consecrate; also to paint

אֶת10 of 19
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃11 of 19

Solomon

H8010

shelomah, david's successor

וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙12 of 19

And they blew

H8628

to clatter, i.e., slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become

בַּשּׁוֹפָ֔ר13 of 19

the trumpet

H7782

a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙14 of 19

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

כָּל15 of 19
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעָ֔ם16 of 19

and all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock

יְחִ֖י17 of 19

God save

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ18 of 19

king

H4428

a king

שְׁלֹמֹֽה׃19 of 19

Solomon

H8010

shelomah, david's successor


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Kings. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Kings 1:39 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Kings 1:39 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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