About Psalms

Psalms is Israel's hymnbook and prayer book, expressing the full range of human emotion in relationship with God, from deep lament to exuberant praise.

Author: David and othersWritten: c. 1410-450 BCReading time: ~2 minVerses: 18
WorshipPrayerPraiseLamentTrustMessianic Prophecy

King James Version

Psalms 88

18 verses with commentary

I Cry Out Day and Night

A Song or Psalm for the sons of Korah, to the chief Musician upon Mahalath Leannoth, Maschil of Heman the Ezrahite. O LORD God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before thee: for the sons: or, of the sons Maschil: or, A Psalm of Heman the Ezrahite, giving instruction

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>O LORD God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before thee.</strong> This opening verse of Scripture's darkest psalm establishes a profound tension: the psalmist addresses God as "God of my salvation" while experiencing crushing affliction that persists day and night. This juxtaposition—confident confession of God's saving character alongside desperate cry for help—models faith tha...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**23. bloody ... days--**(compare Psa 5:6; 51:14), deceit and murderous dispositions often united. The threat is directed specially (not as a general truth) against the wicked, then in the writer's view.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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Let my prayer come before thee: incline thine ear unto my cry;

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Let my prayer come before thee: incline thine ear unto my cry</strong>—The psalmist pleads for divine attention using the imperative "let...come before" (תָּבוֹא לְפָנֶיךָ, <em>tavo lefanekha</em>), literally "let it enter before your face." This anthropomorphic language emphasizes personal encounter with God, not mere ritual. The parallel "incline thine ear" (הַטֵּה אָזְנְךָ, <em>hateh az...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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For my soul is full of troubles: and my life draweth nigh unto the grave.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>For my soul is full of troubles: and my life draweth nigh unto the grave.</strong> This verse describes the psalmist's condition: overwhelming troubles that threaten to end in death. The language is stark and honest, modeling prayer that doesn't minimize suffering or pretend things are better than they are.<br><br>"For my soul is full of troubles" (כִּי־שָׂבְעָה בְרָעוֹת נַפְשִׁי/<em>ki-sa...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Grave.**—*Sheôl. *Here, as in Psalm 6:4-5; Psalm 33:19; Isaiah 38:10-11, there comes into prominence the thought that death severs the covenant relation with God, and so presents an irresistible reason why prayer should be heard now before it is too late.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

PSALM 56 Psa 56:1-13. Upon Jonath-elem-rechokim--literally, "upon the dove of silence" of distant places; either denoting a melody (see on Psa 9:1) of that name, to which this Psalm was to be performed; or it is an enigmatical form of denoting the subject, as given in the history referred to (1Sa 21:11, &amp;c.), David being regarded as an uncomplaining, meek dove, driven from his native home to w...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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I am counted with them that go down into the pit: I am as a man that hath no strength:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I am counted with them that go down into the pit</strong> (בּוֹר, <em>bor</em>)—The pit represents Sheol, the realm of the dead, a place of shadows and forgetfulness beneath the earth. The verb "counted" (נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי, <em>nechshavti</em>) suggests being reckoned or accounted among the dead while still living—a social and spiritual death preceding physical death. The psalmist experiences ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **As a man . . .**—Rather, *like a hero whose strength is gone.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

PSALM 56 Psa 56:1-13. Upon Jonath-elem-rechokim--literally, "upon the dove of silence" of distant places; either denoting a melody (see on Psa 9:1) of that name, to which this Psalm was to be performed; or it is an enigmatical form of denoting the subject, as given in the history referred to (1Sa 21:11, &amp;c.), David being regarded as an uncomplaining, meek dove, driven from his native home to w...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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Free among the dead, like the slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no more: and they are cut off from thy hand. from: or, by

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Free among the dead</strong> (חָפְשִׁי בַּמֵּתִים, <em>chofshi bametim</em>)—A haunting phrase: "free" typically denotes liberation, yet here it means cut loose, abandoned, cast off like a slave released without provision. The dead are "free" only in that they are forgotten, no longer under God's providential care. <strong>Like the slain that lie in the grave, whom thou rememberest no more...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Free among the dead . . .**—So the old versions without exception, taking *chaphshî *as an adjective, as in Job 3:19 (where used of *an emancipated slave*); 1Samuel 17:25 (*free from public burdens*)*. *So of the *separate *house for lepers, who were *cut off *from society (2Kings 15:5). Hence some refer the psalm to Uzziah. The Targum explains, “freed from legal duties.” But plainly the mea...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. in--**or literally, "unto." **thee--**to whom he turns in trouble.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
Read full commentary →

Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thou hast laid me in the lowest pit, in darkness, in the deeps.</strong> This verse makes the shocking accusation that God Himself is responsible for the psalmist's suffering. Unlike Job's comforters who insisted suffering must be punishment for sin, or prosperity gospel teachers who claim suffering indicates lack of faith, this psalm directly attributes the affliction to divine action. Th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Lowest pit.**—See Note, Psalm 86:13.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**4. in God ... his word--**By His grace or aid (Psa 60:12; 108:13), or, "I will boast in God as to His word"; in either case His word is the special matter and cause of praise. **flesh--**for mankind (Psa 65:2; Is 31:3), intimating frailty.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all thy waves. Selah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thy wrath lieth hard upon me</strong> (סָמְכָה עָלַי חֲמָתֶךָ, <em>samkhah alay chamatekha</em>)—The verb "lieth hard" means to press down, to lean heavily upon, suggesting crushing weight. <em>Chemah</em> (חֵמָה) denotes burning wrath, fierce anger. Unlike psalms that blame enemies or Satan, Heman identifies God Himself as the source of his affliction—a brutally honest theology that refus...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **And thou hast afflicted.**—Literally, *And thou hast pressed *(*me*)* down with all thy breakers, *supplying the object, and taking the accusative in the text as the instrument, as in Psalm 102:23, where the same verb is used (Authorised Version, “weakened”).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

5-6. A vivid picture of the conduct of malicious enemies.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
Read full commentary →

Thou hast put away mine acquaintance far from me; thou hast made me an abomination unto them: I am shut up, and I cannot come forth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thou hast put away mine acquaintance far from me</strong>—God is the active agent of social isolation. The Hebrew "put away" (הִרְחַקְתָּ, <em>hirchakta</em>) means to cause to be far, to distance. This isn't paranoia but theological interpretation: the psalmist traces even human rejection back to divine providence. <strong>Thou hast made me an abomination unto them</strong> (שִׂמְתַּנִי ת...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **I am shut up.**—Not necessarily an actual imprisonment or incarceration on account of leprosy, but another figurative way of describing great trouble. Job 19:8 seems to have been before the poet.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

5-6. A vivid picture of the conduct of malicious enemies.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction: LORD, I have called daily upon thee, I have stretched out my hands unto thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Mine eye mourneth by reason of affliction</strong> (דָּאֲבָה מִנִּי עֵינִי, <em>daavah minni eyni</em>)—The eye grows dim, fails, languishes from weeping and suffering. Physical symptom mirrors inner anguish. Yet notice the steadfast persistence: <strong>LORD, I have called daily upon thee</strong> (קְרָאתִיךָ יְהוָה בְּכָל־יוֹם, <em>keratikha YHWH bekhol-yom</em>)—The covenant name YHWH a...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Mourneth.**—Rather, *fadeth, *or *pineth. *So a Latin poet of the effects of weeping:— “Mæsta neque assiduo tabescere lumina fletu. Cessarent, tristique imbre madere genæ.” CATULLUS: xxviii. 55.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. Shall they escape? &amp;c.--**or better, "Their escape is by iniquity." **cast ... people--**humble those who so proudly oppose Thy servant.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 88 Chapter Outline The psalmist pours out his soul to God in lamentation.(1-9) He wrestles by faith, in his prayer to God for comfort.(10-18) **Verses 1-9** The first words of the psalmist are the only words of comfort and support in this psalm. Thus greatly may good men be afflicted, and such dismal thoughts may they have about their afflictions, and such dark conclusion...
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Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee? Selah.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Wilt thou shew wonders to the dead? shall the dead arise and praise thee?</strong>—The psalmist employs rhetorical questions to press God for intervention <em>now</em>, before death makes it too late. The Hebrew "wonders" (פֶּלֶא, <em>pele</em>) refers to God's miraculous acts of salvation—but what good are they for the dead? <strong>Shall the dead arise</strong> (רְפָאִים יָקוּמוּ, <em>re...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10-12) These verses probably contain the prayer tittered with the “stretched-out hands.” (10) **Shall the dead arise?** **. . .**—These words are not to be taken in the sense of a final resurrection as we understand it. The hope of this had hardly yet dawned on Israel. The underworld is imagined as a vast sepulchre in which the dead lie, each in his place, silent and motionless, and the poet asks...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

8. God is mindful of his exile and remembers his tears. The custom of bottling the tears of mourners as a memorial, which has existed in some Eastern nations, may explain the figure.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulness in destruction?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave?</strong> (הַיְסֻפַּר בַּקֶּבֶר חַסְדֶּךָ, <em>hayesupar bakever chasdekha</em>)—The word <em>chesed</em> (חֶסֶד) is God's covenant loyalty, faithful love, the very essence of His character toward His people. Can this <em>chesed</em> be recounted, declared, proclaimed among the dead? The psalmist assumes not—death silences testimony. <stron...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11, 12) In these verses appear three prominent features of the Hebrew conception of the underworld. It is a place of “destruction” (comp. Job 26:6; Job 28:22), of “darkness” (comp. Psalm 88:6), and of “forgetfulness,” which may imply not only that the dead are forgotten, both of God and men (comp. Psalm 31:12 with Psalm 88:5), but that they themselves have, to borrow the heathen figure, drunk of ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**9. God is for me--**or, "on my side" (Psa 118:6; 124:1, 2); hence he is sure of the repulse of his foes.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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Shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Shall thy wonders be known in the dark?</strong> (הַיִּוָּדַע בַּחֹשֶׁךְ פִּלְאֶךָ, <em>hayivada vachoshekh pilekha</em>)—Darkness here is both literal (the darkness of Sheol) and metaphorical (spiritual darkness, ignorance, despair). Can God's miraculous works be known in such darkness? <strong>And thy righteousness in the land of forgetfulness?</strong> (וְצִדְקָתְךָ בְּאֶרֶץ נְשִׁיָּה, ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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But unto thee have I cried, O LORD; and in the morning shall my prayer prevent thee.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>But unto thee have I cried, O LORD; and in the morning shall my prayer prevent thee.</strong> After twelve verses of unrelenting darkness, verse 13 introduces a slight but significant shift: "But." Despite everything—overwhelming troubles, approaching death, divine abandonment, friends' rejection—the psalmist continues crying out to God. This "but" represents faith's stubborn refusal to st...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **But unto Thee** **. . .**—Better, *But as for me, I, *&c. The pronoun is emphatic. The speaker has *not *gone down to the land where all is silent and forgotten, and can therefore still cry to God, and send his prayer to meet (prevent, *i.e. *go to meet; see Psalm 17:13) the Divine Being who still has an interest in him. And this makes the expostulation of the next verses still stronger. Wh...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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LORD, why castest thou off my soul? why hidest thou thy face from me?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>LORD, why castest thou off my soul? why hidest thou thy face from me?</strong> This verse asks the psalm's central question directly: Why has God abandoned me? These two parallel questions represent faith's honest struggle with divine hiddenness—the experience of God's felt absence despite theological knowledge of His omnipresence. This is among Scripture's most poignant expressions of fee...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Castest thou off.**—The idea is that of throwing away something with loathing. (Comp. Psalm 43:2.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**12. I will render praises--**will pay what I have vowed.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up: while I suffer thy terrors I am distracted.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I am afflicted and ready to die from my youth up</strong> (עָנִי אֲנִי וְגוֹעֵעַ מִנֹּעַר, <em>ani ani vegoveya minoar</em>)—"Afflicted" (<em>ani</em>) means poor, humble, oppressed—suffering from the earliest days. "Ready to die" (<em>goveya</em>) suggests expiring, breathing out one's last breath. This is lifelong trauma, not temporary hardship. <strong>While I suffer thy terrors I am di...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **Terrors.**—Another of the many expressions which connect this psalm with the book of Job. (See Job 6:4; Job 9:34, &c.) **Distracted.**—The Hebrew word is peculiar to the place. The ancient versions all agree in taking it as a verb, and rendering it by some general term denoting “trouble.” But the context evidently requires a stronger word, and possibly connecting with a cognate word meaning...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

13. The question implies an affirmative answer, drawn from past experience. **falling--**as from a precipice. **before God--**in His favor during life.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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Thy fierce wrath goeth over me; thy terrors have cut me off.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thy fierce wrath goeth over me</strong> (עָבְרוּ עָלַי חֲרוֹנֶיךָ, <em>averu alay charonekha</em>)—The phrase "goeth over" suggests overwhelming flood waters, with <em>charon</em> denoting burning, fierce anger. Wave after wave of divine wrath passes over the sufferer, each one threatening to drown him. <strong>Thy terrors have cut me off</strong> (בִּעוּתֶיךָ צִמְּתוּתֻנִי, <em>biutekha t...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **Have cut me off.**—Or, *extinguished *me. The form of the verb is very peculiar, and is variously explained. All that is certain is that it is intensive, expressing the hopeless and continued state of prostration of the sufferer. The LXX., “have frightened.”

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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They came round about me daily like water; they compassed me about together. daily: or, all the day

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They came round about me daily like water</strong> (סַבּוּנִי כַמַּיִם כָּל־הַיּוֹם, <em>sabuni chamayim kol-hayom</em>)—"They" refers to the terrors mentioned in verse 16, now personified as assailants surrounding the victim. "Like water" suggests overwhelming, inescapable encirclement—not just a single wave but constant immersion. "Daily" (<em>kol-hayom</em>, literally "all the day") emp...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **They**—*i.e., *the terrors or horrors, now likened to a flood, a figure of frequent occurrence. (See Psalm 18:16, &c.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

PSALM 57 Psa 57:1-11. Altaschith--or, "Destroy not." This is perhaps an enigmatical allusion to the critical circumstances connected with the history, for which compare 1Sa 22:1; 26:1-3. In Moses' prayer (De 9:26) it is a prominent petition deprecating God's anger against the people. This explanation suits the fifty-eighth and fifty-ninth also. Asaph uses it for the seventy-fifth, in the scope of ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
Read full commentary →

Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Lover and friend hast thou put far from me, and mine acquaintance into darkness.</strong> This stark final verse of Psalm 88 makes it unique among all psalms—it ends without resolution, comfort, or restored hope. Most lament psalms transition to praise or confidence in God's deliverance, but this psalm concludes in unrelieved darkness, with the final word literally being "darkness" (<em>ma...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **And mine acquaintance into darkness.**—This is an erroneous rendering. Rather, *My acquaintance is darkness, *or, *darkness is my friend, *having taken the place of those removed. The feeling resembles Job 17:14; or we may illustrate by Tennyson’s lines:— “O sorrow, wilt thou live with me, No casual mistress, but a wife, My bosom friend, and half my life? As I confess it needs must be.” Ell...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. performeth--**or, completes what He has begun.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 10-18** Departed souls may declare God's faithfulness, justice, and lovingkindness; but deceased bodies can neither receive God's favours in comfort, nor return them in praise. The psalmist resolved to continue in prayer, and the more so, because deliverance did not come speedily. Though our prayers are not soon answered, yet we must not give over praying. The greater our troubles, th...
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