King James Version

What Does Zechariah 11:10 Mean?

Zechariah 11:10 in the King James Version says “And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the peopl... — study this verse from Zechariah chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the people.

Zechariah 11:10 · KJV


Context

8

Three shepherds also I cut off in one month; and my soul lothed them, and their soul also abhorred me. lothed: Heb. was straightened for them

9

Then said I, I will not feed you: that that dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, let it be cut off; and let the rest eat every one the flesh of another. another: Heb. his fellow, or, neighbour

10

And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the people.

11

And it was broken in that day: and so the poor of the flock that waited upon me knew that it was the word of the LORD. so: or, the poor of the flock, etc. certainly knew

12

And I said unto them, If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. So they weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. If ye: Heb. If it be good in your eyes


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the people. The shepherd performs a symbolic act of breaking the staff called "Beauty" (No'am, נֹעַם), representing grace, favor, and covenant relationship. "Cut it asunder" (va-egda, וָאֶגְדַּע) means to cut down, hew, break—a decisive, violent action signifying the end of something precious.

The purpose is explicit: "that I might break my covenant which I had made with all the people" (le-hafer et-beriti asher karati et-kol ha-ammim, לְהָפֵיר אֶת־בְּרִיתִי אֲשֶׁר כָּרַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־הָעַמִּים). The verb hafer means to annul, frustrate, break—ending a formal covenant relationship. The covenant "with all the people" likely refers to God's unique relationship with Israel among the nations, the covenant favor that set them apart. Alternatively, it may refer to God's restraint of the nations from destroying Israel—a covenant arrangement that kept pagan powers in check.

This breaking of the "Beauty" staff prophesies the end of the old covenant system. When Israel rejected their Messiah, the Mosaic covenant with its temple, priesthood, and sacrifices became obsolete. Hebrews 8:13 states: "In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away." The temple's destruction in AD 70 marked the visible end of the old covenant economy.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jesus announced the new covenant at the Last Supper: "This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you" (Luke 22:20). His death inaugurated a new covenant, rendering the old one obsolete. The book of Hebrews extensively develops this theme: Christ's priesthood supersedes Aaron's; His sacrifice supersedes the temple system; the new covenant fulfills and replaces the old (Hebrews 7-10).

The breaking of "Beauty" had visible historical fulfillment in AD 70. The temple where God's presence had dwelt was destroyed and never rebuilt. The priesthood ended—no more sacrifices could be offered. The covenant signs (circumcision, Sabbath, dietary laws) lost their significance as markers of God's special people, as the gospel went to all nations without distinction. The favor Israel enjoyed as God's uniquely chosen nation transferred to the church, composed of Jews and Gentiles united in Christ (Romans 11:11-25; Ephesians 2:11-22).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the breaking of "Beauty" (the covenant of favor) relate to the end of the old covenant and the establishment of the new covenant in Christ's blood?
  2. What does this teach about the conditional nature of covenant relationship—that persistent rebellion leads to covenant breaking?
  3. How should this inform our understanding of the church's relationship to Israel in God's redemptive plan?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
וָאֶקַּ֤ח1 of 15

And I took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

אֶת2 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מַקְלִי֙3 of 15

my staff

H4731

a shoot, i.e., stick (with leaves on, or for walking, striking, guiding, divining)

אֶת4 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

נֹ֔עַם5 of 15

even Beauty

H5278

agreeableness, i.e., delight, suitableness, splendor or grace

וָאֶגְדַּ֖ע6 of 15

and cut it asunder

H1438

to fell a tree; generally, to destroy anything

אֹת֑וֹ7 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לְהָפֵיר֙8 of 15

that I might break

H6565

to break up (usually figuratively), i.e., to violate, frustrate

אֶת9 of 15
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בְּרִיתִ֔י10 of 15

my covenant

H1285

a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

אֲשֶׁ֥ר11 of 15
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

כָּרַ֖תִּי12 of 15

which I had made

H3772

to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt

אֶת13 of 15
H854

properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc

כָּל14 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הָעַמִּֽים׃15 of 15

with all the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Zechariah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Zechariah 11:10 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Zechariah 11:10 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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