King James Version

What Does Romans 1:23 Mean?

Romans 1:23 in the King James Version says “And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted ... — study this verse from Romans chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.

Romans 1:23 · KJV


Context

21

Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened.

22

Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools,

23

And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.

24

Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves:

25

Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. more: or, rather


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.

Paul describes the essence of idolatry: kai ēllaxan tēn doxan tou aphthartou theou en homoiōmati eikonos phthartou anthrōpou kai peteinōn kai tetrapodōn kai herpetōn (καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν, 'and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image of corruptible man, and birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things').

Ēllaxan (ἤλλαξαν, exchanged) is a commercial term—humanity traded the infinitely valuable for the worthless. Tēn doxan tou aphthartou theou (τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου θεοῦ, the glory of the incorruptible God) refers to God's eternal, unchanging, radiant majesty. They exchanged this for homoiōmati eikonos phthartou (ὁμοίωμα εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ, an image/likeness of corruptible things). The descending order—man, birds, quadrupeds, reptiles—echoes Genesis 1 in reverse, a de-creation. Humanity, made in God's image (Genesis 1:27), now worships images of creatures. This is cosmic insanity—the creature worshiping the creature rather than the Creator. It violates the second commandment (Exodus 20:4-6) and Deuteronomy 4:15-19.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient idolatry was pervasive. Egyptians worshiped animal-headed gods (Anubis, Horus). Greeks fashioned anthropomorphic deities (Zeus, Aphrodite). Romans adopted these, adding emperor worship. Jewish readers would recall Israel's golden calf (Exodus 32), making an image 'like a calf that eats grass' (Psalm 106:19-20). Temples with statues, shrines, and household idols saturated the Roman world. Paul's audience in Rome would have walked past countless such images daily. Modern idolatry is subtler—self, money, pleasure, power—but equally destructive.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are you tempted to 'exchange' (ἀλλάσσω) the glory of God for—what created things rival God's supreme worth in your life?
  2. How does idolatry involve not just addition (adding false gods) but exchange (replacing the true God)?
  3. What modern idols do Christians rationalize or disguise that are spiritually equivalent to ancient statues?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
καὶ1 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἤλλαξαν2 of 18

changed

G236

to make different

τὴν3 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δόξαν4 of 18

the glory

G1391

glory (as very apparent), in a wide application (literal or figurative, objective or subjective)

τοῦ5 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀφθάρτου6 of 18

of the uncorruptible

G862

undecaying (in essence or continuance)

θεοῦ7 of 18

God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

ἐν8 of 18

into

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ὁμοιώματι9 of 18

made like

G3667

a form; abstractly, resemblance

εἰκόνος10 of 18

an image

G1504

a likeness, i.e., (literally) statue, profile, or (figuratively) representation, resemblance

φθαρτοῦ11 of 18

to corruptible

G5349

decayed, i.e., (by implication) perishable

ἀνθρώπου12 of 18

man

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

καὶ13 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πετεινῶν14 of 18

to birds

G4071

a flying animal, i.e., bird

καὶ15 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τετραπόδων16 of 18

fourfooted beasts

G5074

a quadruped

καὶ17 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἑρπετῶν18 of 18

creeping things

G2062

a reptile, i.e., (by hebraism (compare h7431)) a small animal


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 1:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 1:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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