King James Version

What Does Psalms 139:13 Mean?

Psalms 139:13 in the King James Version says “For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 139 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb.

Psalms 139:13 · KJV


Context

11

If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me.

12

Yea, the darkness hideth not from thee; but the night shineth as the day: the darkness and the light are both alike to thee. hideth: Heb. darkeneth not the darkness and: Heb. as is the darkness, so is the light

13

For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb.

14

I will praise thee; for I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well. right: Heb. greatly

15

My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in secret, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth. substance: or, strength, or, body


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For thou hast possessed my reins: thou hast covered me in my mother's womb. The Hebrew קָנָה (qanah, 'possessed') means to create, acquire, or form—God's sovereign ownership begins at conception. Reins (כִּלְיָה, kilyah) refers to the kidneys, anciently considered the seat of emotion and moral character; God forms not just the body but the inner person. Covered (סָכַךְ, sakak) means to weave, knit together, or screen—depicting God's meticulous, protective craftsmanship in the womb.

This verse grounds the sanctity of human life in divine creative action before birth. God is not a distant observer but an intimate artisan, personally fashioning each person's physical and moral constitution. The pronoun my emphasizes David's personal wonder: the Creator of the cosmos cares about the details of one human embryo.

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Historical & Cultural Context

David wrote this psalm (likely mid-10th century BC) reflecting on God's omniscience and omnipresence. Ancient Near Eastern cultures recognized prenatal life but lacked Israel's doctrine of personal divine creation. The Mosaic law protected the unborn (Exodus 21:22-25), and the prophets affirmed God's prenatal calling (Jeremiah 1:5).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's personal involvement in forming you in the womb shape your understanding of your identity and purpose?
  2. What implications does verse 13 have for how we view the beginning of human life and personhood?
  3. How should the reality that God 'possessed' (created and owns) your innermost being affect your daily choices?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
כִּֽי1 of 7
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אַ֭תָּה2 of 7
H859

thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you

קָנִ֣יתָ3 of 7

For thou hast possessed

H7069

to erect, i.e., create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own

כִלְיֹתָ֑י4 of 7

my reins

H3629

a kidney (as an essential organ); figuratively, the mind (as the interior self)

תְּ֝סֻכֵּ֗נִי5 of 7

thou hast covered

H5526

properly, to entwine as a screen; by implication, to fence in, cover over, (figuratively) protect

בְּבֶ֣טֶן6 of 7

womb

H990

the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything

אִמִּֽי׃7 of 7

me in my mother's

H517

a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 139:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 139:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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