King James Version

What Does Proverbs 27:12 Mean?

Proverbs 27:12 in the King James Version says “A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the simple pass on, and are punished. — study this verse from Proverbs chapter 27 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the simple pass on, and are punished.

Proverbs 27:12 · KJV


Context

10

Thine own friend, and thy father's friend, forsake not; neither go into thy brother's house in the day of thy calamity: for better is a neighbour that is near than a brother far off.

11

My son, be wise, and make my heart glad, that I may answer him that reproacheth me.

12

A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself; but the simple pass on, and are punished.

13

Take his garment that is surety for a stranger, and take a pledge of him for a strange woman.

14

He that blesseth his friend with a loud voice, rising early in the morning, it shall be counted a curse to him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
A prudent man foreseeth the evil—The Hebrew ʿārûm (עָרוּם, prudent) means shrewd or sensible, one who perceives danger before it arrives. Hideth himself (sātar, סָתַר) means to take protective action, not cowardice but wisdom. Contrast the simple (pĕtāʾîm, פְּתָאִים)—the naive, gullible ones who pass on obliviously and are punished (ʿānash, עָנַשׁ, suffer consequences).

This proverb appears nearly verbatim in 22:3, emphasizing its importance. The Christian application extends beyond physical danger to spiritual discernment—foreseeing temptation's consequences and fleeing (1 Corinthians 6:18, 10:14). Joseph exemplified this by fleeing Potiphar's wife (Genesis 39:12).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Israel faced dangers from wild animals, bandits, and military threats. Reading signs of approaching danger—storm clouds, armed groups, suspicious strangers—was essential for survival. This everyday wisdom principle applies to moral and spiritual threats in any era.

Reflection Questions

  1. What recurring temptations or 'evil' do you need to foresee and actively avoid rather than test your resistance?
  2. How can you develop spiritual prudence to recognize moral danger before you're caught in it?
  3. Are there situations where you've been 'simple,' ignoring obvious warning signs, and what were the consequences?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 7 words
עָר֤וּם׀1 of 7

A prudent

H6175

cunning (usually in a bad sense)

רָאָ֣ה2 of 7

man foreseeth

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

רָעָ֣ה3 of 7

the evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

נִסְתָּ֑ר4 of 7

and hideth

H5641

to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively

פְּ֝תָאיִ֗ם5 of 7

himself but the simple

H6612

silly (i.e., seducible)

עָבְר֥וּ6 of 7

pass on

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

נֶעֱנָֽשׁוּ׃7 of 7

and are punished

H6064

properly, to urge; by implication, to inflict a penalty, specifically, to fine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Proverbs. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Proverbs 27:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Proverbs 27:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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