King James Version

What Does Numbers 35:19 Mean?

Numbers 35:19 in the King James Version says “The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him. — study this verse from Numbers chapter 35 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him.

Numbers 35:19 · KJV


Context

17

And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. with: Heb. with a stone of the hand

18

Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

19

The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him.

20

But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die;

21

Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meeteth him.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer (גֹּאֵל הַדָּם, go'el ha-dam)—the kinsman-redeemer bore responsibility to avenge murder and preserve family honor. This wasn't vigilante justice but divinely sanctioned family obligation (cf. Genesis 9:6). The go'el also redeemed property (Leviticus 25:25) and married childless widows (Ruth 3:12-13)—roles fulfilled supremely in Christ, our Kinsman-Redeemer.

When he meeteth him, he shall slay him—outside the city of refuge, the murderer had no protection. Inside, even the go'el could not touch him (v.27). This spatial boundary prefigures being 'in Christ' (2 Corinthians 5:17)—within His refuge, we're safe from divine wrath; outside, we face the just penalty for sin.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The go'el ha-dam institution predates Mosaic law, appearing in patriarchal customs (Genesis 9:5-6). By Moses' era (1446 BC), it was codified to prevent blood feuds from spiraling into tribal warfare, channeling vengeance through legal structures while honoring family duty.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the <em>go'el ha-dam</em> (avenger of blood) typologically point to Christ as both our Redeemer and the satisfaction of divine justice?
  2. What does the spatial protection of the refuge city teach about the security of those who abide 'in Christ'?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
גֹּאֵ֣ל1 of 10

The revenger

H1350

to redeem (according to the middle eastern law of kinship), i.e., to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his wido

הַדָּ֔ם2 of 10

of blood

H1818

blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe

ה֥וּא3 of 10

him he

H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

יְמִתֶֽנּוּ׃4 of 10

himself shall slay

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

אֶת5 of 10
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָֽרֹצֵ֑חַ6 of 10

the murderer

H7523

properly, to dash in pieces, i.e., kill (a human being), especially to murder

בְּפִגְעוֹ7 of 10

when he meeteth

H6293

to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity

ב֖וֹ8 of 10
H0
ה֥וּא9 of 10

him he

H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

יְמִתֶֽנּוּ׃10 of 10

himself shall slay

H4191

to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 35:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 35:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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