King James Version

What Does Numbers 31:15 Mean?

Numbers 31:15 in the King James Version says “And Moses said unto them, Have ye saved all the women alive? — study this verse from Numbers chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses said unto them, Have ye saved all the women alive?

Numbers 31:15 · KJV


Context

13

And Moses, and Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the congregation, went forth to meet them without the camp.

14

And Moses was wroth with the officers of the host, with the captains over thousands, and captains over hundreds, which came from the battle. battle: Heb. host of war

15

And Moses said unto them, Have ye saved all the women alive?

16

Behold, these caused the children of Israel, through the counsel of Balaam, to commit trespass against the LORD in the matter of Peor, and there was a plague among the congregation of the LORD.

17

Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him. him: Heb. a male


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Have ye saved all the women alive?—Moses' rhetorical question drips with incredulity at the soldiers' misguided mercy. The Hebrew construction expects a negative answer: 'You haven't really saved all the women, have you?' This rebuke introduces verses 16-18's explanation: these women caused Israel's sin at Baal-Peor through Balaam's counsel, making their preservation spiritually catastrophic.

The question reveals a recurring biblical principle: mercy divorced from justice and holiness becomes mere sentimentality that perpetuates evil. The soldiers showed natural compassion without supernatural discernment, endangering Israel by preserving the very instruments of their previous seduction. Christ's teaching balances love with judgment: He welcomes sinners who repent but warns of judgment on the impenitent (Matthew 23:33, Luke 13:3). God's people must discern when mercy serves righteousness versus when it enables ongoing sin.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Baal-Peor incident (Numbers 25) occurred recently—perhaps months earlier—when these same Midianite women had invited Israelite men to sacrificial feasts involving ritual prostitution in Baal worship. This syncretism triggered a plague killing 24,000 Israelites, stopped only by Phinehas's zealous execution of a flagrant offender (25:6-9). Moses' rhetorical question assumes the soldiers knew this recent history, making their preservation of the women inexplicably naive. The incident demonstrated how quickly even God's redeemed people forget recent judgments and repeat vulnerabilities to sin's seductions.

Reflection Questions

  1. When have you shown 'mercy' that actually enabled ongoing sin rather than promoting true repentance and change?
  2. How do you discern the difference between Christ-like compassion and sentimental tolerance that preserves evil's influence?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר1 of 6

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם2 of 6
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁ֑ה3 of 6

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם4 of 6

alive

H2421

to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive

כָּל5 of 6
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

נְקֵבָֽה׃6 of 6

all the women

H5347

female (from the sexual form)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 31:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 31:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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