King James Version

What Does Numbers 28:18 Mean?

Numbers 28:18 in the King James Version says “In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work therein: — study this verse from Numbers chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work therein:

Numbers 28:18 · KJV


Context

16

And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the passover of the LORD.

17

And in the fifteenth day of this month is the feast: seven days shall unleavened bread be eaten.

18

In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work therein:

19

But ye shall offer a sacrifice made by fire for a burnt offering unto the LORD; two young bullocks, and one ram, and seven lambs of the first year: they shall be unto you without blemish:

20

And their meat offering shall be of flour mingled with oil: three tenth deals shall ye offer for a bullock, and two tenth deals for a ram;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
An holy convocation (מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ, miqra-qodesh)—literally "a called-together holiness" or "sacred assembly." The word miqra comes from the same root as qara (קָרָא, "to call"), emphasizing that God summons His people together for worship. This was not optional attendance but covenantal obligation. The assembly was "holy" (קֹדֶשׁ, qodesh) meaning "set apart" from ordinary time and activity.

No manner of servile work (כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה, kol-meleket avodah)—literally "all work of labor" was prohibited, similar to but distinct from Sabbath rest. Feast days allowed food preparation (Exodus 12:16) but forbade occupational labor. This rhythm taught that humans exist for worship, not merely work—a counter-cultural truth in both ancient agrarian and modern capitalist economies.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The first and seventh days of Unleavened Bread were full Sabbaths with sacred assemblies (Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 23:7-8). In Second Temple Judaism, these became pilgrimage occasions when Jerusalem swelled with worshipers. Jesus likely observed these convocations annually until His final Passover week, when He became the ultimate Paschal Lamb.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean that worship is a divine "calling" rather than human initiative or personal preference?
  2. How might setting aside regular times of cessation from work challenge your culture's values?
  3. In a 24/7 world, what would "holy convocation"—gathered, unhurried worship—require you to sacrifice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 9 words
בַּיּ֥וֹם1 of 9

day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הָֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן2 of 9

In the first

H7223

first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)

מִקְרָא3 of 9

convocation

H4744

something called out, i.e., a public meeting (the act, the persons, or the place); also a rehearsal

קֹ֑דֶשׁ4 of 9

shall be an holy

H6944

a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity

כָּל5 of 9
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

מְלֶ֥אכֶת6 of 9

work

H4399

properly, deputyship, i.e., ministry; generally, employment (never servile) or work (abstractly or concretely); also property (as the result of labor)

עֲבֹדָ֖ה7 of 9

no manner of servile

H5656

work of any kind

לֹ֥א8 of 9
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ׃9 of 9

ye shall do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 28:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 28:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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