King James Version

What Does Numbers 25:18 Mean?

For they vex you with their wiles, wherewith they have beguiled you in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of Cozbi, the daughter of a prince of Midian, their sister, which was slain in the day of the plague for Peor's sake.

Numbers 25:18 · KJV


Context

16

And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,

17

Vex the Midianites, and smite them:

18

For they vex you with their wiles, wherewith they have beguiled you in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of Cozbi, the daughter of a prince of Midian, their sister, which was slain in the day of the plague for Peor's sake.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The specific mention 'in the matter of Peor, and in the matter of Cozbi' grounds the general principle (Midianite treachery) in specific incidents. Peor refers to the location where Israel joined itself to Baal of Peor (25:3); Cozbi names the Midianite princess whose fornication with Zimri provoked plague (25:14-15). Specific naming prevents abstracting sin—real people in real places committed real rebellion. This specificity teaches that God's judgment addresses concrete historical sins, not merely theoretical wrongdoing. Scripture's detailed recording of both sins and judgments demonstrates divine justice's precision.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Baal Peor was likely a local manifestation of the Canaanite fertility god Baal, worshiped at Mount Peor. The worship involved ritual prostitution, combining sexual immorality with idolatry. This Canaanite religion promised agricultural fertility through sympathetic magic—enacting sexual acts with cult prostitutes to stimulate the gods to make land fertile. Israel's participation represented complete apostasy from Yahweh's covenant.

Reflection Questions

  1. Why does Scripture record specific names and places of sin rather than generalizing?
  2. How does specific historical grounding of sin prevent us from abstracting away accountability?
  3. What does God's detailed knowledge of specific sins teach about His justice?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 27 words
כִּ֣י1 of 27
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

צֹֽרְרִ֥ים2 of 27

For they vex

H6887

to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive

הֵם֙3 of 27
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

לָכֶ֔ם4 of 27
H0
בְּנִכְלֵיהֶ֛ם5 of 27

you with their wiles

H5231

deceit

אֲשֶׁר6 of 27
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

נִכְּל֥וּ7 of 27

wherewith they have beguiled

H5230

to defraud, i.e., act treacherously

לָכֶ֖ם8 of 27
H0
עַל9 of 27
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

דְּבַר10 of 27

and in the matter

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

פְּעֽוֹר׃11 of 27

for Peor's

H6465

peor, a mountain east of jordan in moab; baal peor, (for h1187) a deity worshipped there

וְעַל12 of 27
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

דְּבַר13 of 27

and in the matter

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

כָּזְבִּ֨י14 of 27

of Cozbi

H3579

cozbi, a midianitess

בַת15 of 27

the daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

נְשִׂ֤יא16 of 27

of a prince

H5387

properly, an exalted one, i.e., a king or sheik; also a rising mist

מִדְיָן֙17 of 27

of Midian

H4080

midjan, a son of abraham; also his country and (collectively) his descendants

אֲחֹתָ֔ם18 of 27

their sister

H269

a sister (used very widely [like h0251], literally and figuratively)

הַמֻּכָּ֥ה19 of 27

which was slain

H5221

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

בְיוֹם20 of 27

in the day

H3117

a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso

הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה׃21 of 27

of the plague

H4046

a pestilence; by analogy, defeat

עַל22 of 27
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

דְּבַר23 of 27

and in the matter

H1697

a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause

פְּעֽוֹר׃24 of 27

for Peor's

H6465

peor, a mountain east of jordan in moab; baal peor, (for h1187) a deity worshipped there

וַיְהִ֖י25 of 27
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אַחֲרֵ֣י26 of 27
H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה׃27 of 27

of the plague

H4046

a pestilence; by analogy, defeat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 25:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 25:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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