King James Version

What Does Numbers 15:22 Mean?

Numbers 15:22 in the King James Version says “And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses, — study this verse from Numbers chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses,

Numbers 15:22 · KJV


Context

20

Ye shall offer up a cake of the first of your dough for an heave offering: as ye do the heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it.

21

Of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD an heave offering in your generations.

22

And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses,

23

Even all that the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD commanded Moses, and henceforward among your generations;

24

Then it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering. without: Heb. from the eyes manner: or, ordinance


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments—this introduces the critical distinction between unintentional sin (shegagah, שְׁגָגָה) and high-handed rebellion. "Erred" (shagag, שָׁגַג) means to stray, go astray, commit error—sin done in ignorance or inadvertence, not deliberate defiance. The comprehensive phrase all these commandments acknowledges the law's extensive demands, making inadvertent violations inevitable for fallen humans.

This provision revealed God's mercy: He provided atonement for unintentional transgressions, recognizing human frailty. However, verses 30-31 make clear that defiant, high-handed sin (beyad ramah—"with raised hand") brought no sacrifice—only divine judgment. This distinction between covered and uncovered sin anticipates Hebrews 10:26: "if we sin wilfully after receiving knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins." Christ's sacrifice covers our inadvertent failures, but presumptuous rejection of His atonement leaves no other recourse.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This legislation balanced God's holiness (requiring punishment for sin) with His mercy (providing atonement for inadvertent transgression). The sacrificial system couldn't cover all sins—murder, adultery, and blasphemy brought death penalty, not sacrifice. The system taught Israel that sin required blood atonement (Leviticus 17:11), but also that God graciously provided that atonement for those who didn't deliberately defy Him. This prepared for understanding Christ's atonement: comprehensive for the repentant, unavailing for the defiant.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does distinguishing between inadvertent and defiant sin shape your understanding of God's character?
  2. What sins might you be treating as "inadvertent" that God sees as deliberate?
  3. How does this passage inform the "unforgivable sin" teaching in the gospels?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וְכִ֣י1 of 13
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תִשְׁגּ֔וּ2 of 13

And if ye have erred

H7686

to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication

וְלֹ֣א3 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַֽעֲשׂ֔וּ4 of 13

and not observed

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

אֵ֥ת5 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל6 of 13
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַמִּצְוֹ֖ת7 of 13

all these commandments

H4687

a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the law)

הָאֵ֑לֶּה8 of 13
H428

these or those

אֲשֶׁר9 of 13
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

דִּבֶּ֥ר10 of 13

hath spoken

H1696

perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue

יְהוָ֖ה11 of 13

which the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶל12 of 13
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶֽׁה׃13 of 13

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Numbers. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Numbers 15:22 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Numbers 15:22 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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