King James Version

What Does Micah 3:1 Mean?

Micah 3:1 in the King James Version says “And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgmen... — study this verse from Micah chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment?

Micah 3:1 · KJV


Context

1

And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment?

2

Who hate the good, and love the evil; who pluck off their skin from off them, and their flesh from off their bones;

3

Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment? Micah directly confronts corrupt leadership with a devastating rhetorical question. The phrase רָאשֵׁי יַעֲקֹב (roshei Ya'akov, "heads of Jacob") and קְצִינֵי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (qetziney beit-Yisrael, "rulers of the house of Israel") addresses those with judicial and administrative authority. These leaders held positions requiring wisdom and justice (Exodus 18:21-22; Deuteronomy 1:13-17).

The question הֲלוֹא לָכֶם לָדַעַת אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּט (halo lakhem lada'at et-hamishpat, "Is it not for you to know judgment?") is bitterly ironic. מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) means judgment, justice, or righteous legal decision. These leaders should be experts in justice—it's their job description! The verb יָדַע (yada', "to know") implies intimate, experiential knowledge, not mere intellectual awareness. They should know justice so deeply it governs every decision.

Yet verses 2-3 reveal the shocking reality: they hate good and love evil, treating people like meat to be butchered. The question exposes their fundamental failure—those charged with administering justice have become its worst violators. This echoes Isaiah's condemnation: "Woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil" (Isaiah 5:20). When guardians of justice become perpetrators of injustice, society collapses into predatory chaos.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Micah prophesied during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (740-700 BC) when Judah's leadership class exploited the poor. The Mosaic law established clear standards for judges: impartiality, rejection of bribes, protection of vulnerable (Exodus 23:1-9; Deuteronomy 16:18-20, 24:17-22). But by Micah's era, these protections were systematically violated. Judges took bribes (Micah 3:11), rulers seized property (2:1-2), and religious leaders prophesied for profit (3:5-7). Amos and Isaiah contemporaneously denounced similar corruption (Amos 5:10-15; Isaiah 1:21-23). This corruption contributed to Judah's eventual exile—God judges nations that institutionalize injustice.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does leadership that hates good and loves evil corrupt an entire society?
  2. What does it mean to truly 'know' justice—not merely intellectually but experientially and practically?
  3. How should Christians respond when those charged with upholding justice become its chief violators?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
וָאֹמַ֗ר1 of 13

And I said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

שִׁמְעוּ2 of 13

Hear

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

נָא֙3 of 13
H4994

'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction

רָאשֵׁ֣י4 of 13

I pray you O heads

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

יַעֲקֹ֔ב5 of 13

of Jacob

H3290

jaakob, the israelitish patriarch

וּקְצִינֵ֖י6 of 13

and ye princes

H7101

a magistrate (as deciding) or other leader

בֵּ֣ית7 of 13

of the house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל8 of 13

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

הֲל֣וֹא9 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

לָכֶ֔ם10 of 13
H0
לָדַ֖עַת11 of 13

Is it not for you to know

H3045

to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including o

אֶת12 of 13
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃13 of 13

judgment

H4941

properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Micah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Micah 3:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Micah 3:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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