King James Version

What Does Luke 4:20 Mean?

Luke 4:20 in the King James Version says “And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the sy... — study this verse from Luke chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him.

Luke 4:20 · KJV


Context

18

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted , to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

19

To preach the acceptable year of the Lord.

20

And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him.

21

And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.

22

And all bare him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth. And they said, Is not this Joseph's son?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him. Jesus concludes the reading with formal liturgical actions: ptuxas to biblion (πτύξας τὸ βιβλίον, closing/rolling up the scroll), He gave it again to the minister (apodous tō hypēretē, ἀποδοὺς τῷ ὑπηρέτῃ, returning it to the attendant), then sat down (ekathisen, ἐκάθισεν). In synagogue custom, readers stood to read Scripture but sat to teach—the seated position indicated authoritative instruction was about to begin.

The scene's dramatic tension peaks: the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him (kai pantōn hoi ophthalmoi...ēsan atenizontes autō, καὶ πάντων οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ...ἦσαν ἀτενίζοντες αὐτῷ). The verb atenizō (ἀτενίζω) means to gaze intently, stare fixedly. Complete attention focused on Jesus—they sensed something momentous was about to occur. The hometown crowd knew Him as Joseph's son (v. 22); now He had read a messianic prophecy. What would He say? The stage is set for His explosive claim: 'This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears' (v. 21).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Synagogue teaching followed the reading—the reader would sit and expound the text just read, applying it to the congregation. The rabbi's seat symbolized teaching authority (Matthew 23:2). Jesus' sitting signaled He would now interpret Isaiah 61:1-2. The congregation's rapt attention reflects both Jesus' growing fame (v. 14-15) and their recognition that He had selected a profoundly significant messianic text. Nazareth's residents had known Jesus from childhood—watching Joseph's son claim to fulfill Isaiah's messianic prophecy would be shocking. Their initial wonder (v. 22) would turn to murderous rage when Jesus confronted their unbelief and cited examples of Gentiles receiving God's blessing (v. 25-29). This scene inaugurates Jesus' public ministry and establishes the pattern of initial acceptance followed by rejection.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Jesus' sitting to teach signify about His authority to interpret and apply Scripture?
  2. How does the congregation's fixed attention illustrate the power of God's Word to command focus and demand response?
  3. Why does familiarity with Jesus ('Is not this Joseph's son?') often create obstacles to recognizing His true identity and mission?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
καὶ1 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πτύξας2 of 18

he closed

G4428

and thus apparently allied to g4072 through the idea of expansion, and to 4429 through that of flattening; compare g3961); to fold, i.e., furl a scrol

τὸ3 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βιβλίον4 of 18

the book

G975

a roll

ἀποδοὺς5 of 18

and he gave it again

G591

to give away, i.e., up, over, back, etc. (in various applications)

τῷ6 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὑπηρέτῃ7 of 18

to the minister

G5257

an under-oarsman, i.e., (generally) subordinate (assistant, sexton, constable)

ἐκάθισεν·8 of 18

and sat down

G2523

to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)

καὶ9 of 18

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πάντων10 of 18

of all them

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ἐν11 of 18

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ12 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

συναγωγῇ13 of 18

the synagogue

G4864

an assemblage of persons; specially, a jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by analogy, a christian church

οἱ14 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὀφθαλμοὶ15 of 18

the eyes

G3788

the eye (literally or figuratively); by implication, vision; figuratively, envy (from the jealous side-glance)

ἦσαν16 of 18

that were

G2258

i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)

ἀτενίζοντες17 of 18

were fastened

G816

to gaze intently

αὐτῷ18 of 18

on him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 4:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 4:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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