King James Version

What Does Luke 23:43 Mean?

Luke 23:43 in the King James Version says “And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise. — study this verse from Luke chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.

Luke 23:43 · KJV


Context

41

And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss.

42

And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.

43

And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.

44

And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. earth: or, land

45

And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise. The crucified thief receives Christianity's most stunning gospel promise. Amēn legō soi (ἀμὴν λέγω σοι)—Christ's solemn oath formula—introduces unconditional assurance. The placement of To day (sēmeron, σήμερον) demolishes purgatory and soul-sleep: immediate presence with Christ at death, before bodily resurrection.

Paradise (paradeisos, παράδεισος)—borrowed from Persian, meaning 'enclosed garden'—appears only three times in the NT (here, 2 Cor. 12:4, Rev. 2:7). Not Hades, not the final state, but the intermediate conscious blessed state of the righteous dead. This thief had no sacraments, no discipleship, no reformation—just faith recognizing Jesus as King while watching Him die. Pure grace.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roman crucifixion was designed for maximum humiliation and deterrence. The titulus (charge placard) above Jesus read 'THE KING OF THE JEWS' in three languages (v. 38). Two lēstai (λῃσταί)—not petty thieves but insurrectionists or bandits—flanked Christ, fulfilling Isaiah 53:12 ('numbered with the transgressors'). One thief's confession (v. 40-42) shows remarkable theology: human sinfulness, Jesus's sinlessness, a coming kingdom, and Christ's authority even in death. This exchange became the Protestant Reformation's premier text for sola fide—the thief had no time for works, yet Jesus declared him saved.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does 'To day...with me in paradise' refute both purgatory and soul-sleep, and what does this reveal about the intermediate state?
  2. What does the thief's salvation—without baptism, church membership, or opportunity for good works—teach about the sufficiency of faith alone?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
καὶ1 of 15

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

εἶπεν2 of 15

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτῷ3 of 15

unto him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

4 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς,5 of 15

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

Ἀμήν6 of 15

Verily

G281

properly, firm, i.e., (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)

λέγω7 of 15

I say

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

σοι8 of 15

unto thee

G4671

to thee

σήμερον9 of 15

To day

G4594

on the (i.e., this) day (or night current or just passed); generally, now (i.e., at present, hitherto)

μετ'10 of 15

with

G3326

properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession)

ἐμοῦ11 of 15

me

G1700

of me

ἔσῃ12 of 15

shalt thou be

G2071

will be

ἐν13 of 15

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ14 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

παραδείσῳ15 of 15

paradise

G3857

a park, i.e., (specially), an eden (place of future happiness, "paradise")


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 23:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 23:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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