King James Version

What Does Leviticus 22:13 Mean?

Leviticus 22:13 in the King James Version says “But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in ... — study this verse from Leviticus chapter 22 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.

Leviticus 22:13 · KJV


Context

11

But if the priest buy any soul with his money, he shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house: they shall eat of his meat. with: Heb. with the purchase of his money

12

If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger , she may not eat of an offering of the holy things. a stranger: Heb. a man a stranger

13

But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.

14

And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest with the holy thing.

15

And they shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, which they offer unto the LORD;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall no stranger eat thereof.

This verse falls within the section on Acceptable Sacrifices. Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality.

The Aaronic priesthood mediated between God and Israel, offering sacrifices and maintaining the tabernacle. This prefigured Christ's superior priesthood after the order of Melchizedek.
The New Testament reveals that Christ's sacrifice accomplishes what the Levitical system could only symbolize—complete forgiveness and restoration of relationship with God.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Requirements for acceptable sacrifices and those who may eat sacred offerings, maintaining sacrifice quality. Chapters 17-27, often called the 'Holiness Code,' expand covenant obligations beyond ritual to encompass all of life—sexuality, economics, justice, and relationships. The repeated refrain 'I am the LORD' grounds these laws in God's character and covenant relationship with Israel. Israel received these laws while encamped at Sinai, before entering Canaan. The laws prepared them for life in the promised land, distinguishing them from Canaanite practices and establishing their identity as God's holy nation. The portable tabernacle, central to Levitical worship, accompanied them through wilderness wanderings and eventually found permanent form in Solomon's temple. The Israelite dietary laws in Leviticus 11 have no exact parallel in surrounding cultures, though some ancient cultures had food taboos, suggesting unique revelation rather than borrowed customs.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Christ's superior priesthood, prefigured in this verse, assure you of access to God and effective intercession?
  2. How does this verse reveal God's character, and how should that revelation shape your relationship with Him?
  3. In what practical ways should this verse influence your church life, family relationships, or personal integrity?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 22 words
וּבַת1 of 22

daughter

H1323

a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)

כֹּהֵן֩2 of 22

But if the priest's

H3548

literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)

כִּ֨י3 of 22
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תִֽהְיֶ֜ה4 of 22
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אַלְמָנָ֣ה5 of 22

be a widow

H490

a widow; also a desolate place

וּגְרוּשָׁ֗ה6 of 22

or divorced

H1644

to drive out from a possession; especially to expatriate or divorce

וְזֶרַע֮7 of 22

and have no child

H2233

seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity

אֵ֣ין8 of 22
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

לָהּ֒9 of 22
H0
וְשָׁבָ֞ה10 of 22

and is returned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶל11 of 22
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

בֵּ֤ית12 of 22

house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

אָבִ֖יהָ13 of 22

of her father's

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

כִּנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ14 of 22

as in her youth

H5271

(only in plural collective or emphatic form) youth, the state (juvenility) or the persons (young people)

מִלֶּ֥חֶם15 of 22

meat

H3899

food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

אָבִ֖יהָ16 of 22

of her father's

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

יֹ֥אכַל17 of 22

eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וְכָל18 of 22
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זָ֖ר19 of 22

but there shall no stranger

H2114

to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery

לֹא20 of 22
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֹ֥אכַל21 of 22

eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

בּֽוֹ׃22 of 22
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Leviticus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Leviticus 22:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Leviticus 22:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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