King James Version

What Does Lamentations 3:64 Mean?

Lamentations 3:64 in the King James Version says “Render unto them a recompence, O LORD, according to the work of their hands. — study this verse from Lamentations chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Render unto them a recompence, O LORD, according to the work of their hands.

Lamentations 3:64 · KJV


Context

62

The lips of those that rose up against me, and their device against me all the day.

63

Behold their sitting down, and their rising up; I am their musick.

64

Render unto them a recompence, O LORD, according to the work of their hands.

65

Give them sorrow of heart, thy curse unto them. sorrow: or, obstinacy of heart

66

Persecute and destroy them in anger from under the heavens of the LORD.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Appeal for divine retribution: "Render unto them a recompence, O LORD, according to the work of their hands." The Hebrew tashiv lahem gemul YHWH kema'aseh yedeihem (תָּשִׁיב לָהֶם גְּמוּל יְהוָה כְּמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם) requests God execute justice. Tashiv (תָּשִׁיב, "render, return") means to pay back or recompense. Gemul (גְּמוּל) means recompense, dealing, or due reward—what is deserved.

"According to the work of their hands" (kema'aseh yedeihem, כְּמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיהֶם) requests proportionate justice. Not excessive revenge but appropriate consequences matching their deeds. This echoes lex talionis ("eye for eye")—punishment fitting the crime (Exodus 21:23-25). The principle appears throughout Scripture: "With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again" (Matthew 7:2). "Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap" (Galatians 6:7).

Theologically, this represents an imprecatory prayer—calling on God to judge evildoers. Such prayers appear throughout Psalms (Psalm 35, 69, 109, 137, 139). They aren't vindictive but appeals for divine justice. Romans 12:19 commands: "Avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord." Imprecatory prayers give wrath its proper place—in God's hands, not ours. They express confidence that God will indeed judge evil and vindicate the righteous.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Imprecatory psalms and prayers were common in ancient Israel. David prayed similar prayers against enemies (Psalm 55:15, 58:6-8, 69:22-28). Jeremiah repeatedly called for judgment on his persecutors (Jeremiah 11:20, 15:15, 17:18, 18:21-23, 20:12). These weren't vindictive rants but covenantal appeals—asking God to enforce the curses He promised against those who harm His servants.

God answered such prayers. Those who opposed Jeremiah perished in Jerusalem's fall. The false prophets who contradicted Jeremiah were killed or exiled (Jeremiah 20:6, 28:15-17, 29:21-23). Officials who persecuted Jeremiah faced judgment (Jeremiah 38:2-3). The Babylonians who exceeded God's disciplinary intent eventually fell to Persia (Daniel 5, fulfilling Jeremiah 50-51). Justice came, though timing was God's prerogative.

The principle continues in the New Testament. Revelation 6:9-11 shows martyrs under the altar crying: "How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood on them that dwell on the earth?" Revelation 18-19 describes God's judgment on Babylon (Rome), answering that prayer. 2 Thessalonians 1:6-9 promises: "it is a righteous thing with God to recompense tribulation to them that trouble you." Divine justice is certain, even if delayed.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do imprecatory prayers like this one differ from personal revenge, and why are they legitimate expressions of faith?
  2. What does 'according to the work of their hands' teach about proportionate rather than excessive judgment?
  3. In what ways does leaving vengeance to God (Romans 12:19) actually demonstrate greater faith than taking personal revenge?
  4. How should believers pray regarding evil and evildoers today—ignoring injustice, or appealing to God for righteous judgment?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
תָּשִׁ֨יב1 of 6

Render

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לָהֶ֥ם2 of 6
H0
גְּמ֛וּל3 of 6

unto them a recompence

H1576

treatment, i.e., an act (of good or ill); by implication, service or requital

יְהוָ֖ה4 of 6

O LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה5 of 6

according to the work

H4639

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

יְדֵיהֶֽם׃6 of 6

of their hands

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Lamentations. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Lamentations 3:64 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Lamentations 3:64 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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