King James Version

What Does Judges 20:17 Mean?

Judges 20:17 in the King James Version says “And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of w... — study this verse from Judges chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war.

Judges 20:17 · KJV


Context

15

And the children of Benjamin were numbered at that time out of the cities twenty and six thousand men that drew sword, beside the inhabitants of Gibeah, which were numbered seven hundred chosen men.

16

Among all this people there were seven hundred chosen men lefthanded ; every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss.

17

And the men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war.

18

And the children of Israel arose, and went up to the house of God , and asked counsel of God, and said, Which of us shall go up first to the battle against the children of Benjamin? And the LORD said, Judah shall go up first.

19

And the children of Israel rose up in the morning, and encamped against Gibeah.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The men of Israel, beside Benjamin, were numbered four hundred thousand men that drew sword: all these were men of war (אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה, ish milchamah, 'men of war')—Israel's coalition fielded 400,000 combat-ready warriors, outnumbering Benjamin 15-to-1. The phrase 'beside Benjamin' (מִלְּבַד בִּנְיָמִן, millevad binyamin) emphasizes exclusion: all Israel united except the accused tribe.

The massive numerical advantage should have guaranteed swift victory, yet the following verses reveal two devastating defeats before Israel prevails. This demonstrates a crucial biblical principle: numerical superiority doesn't ensure success when spiritual preparation is inadequate. Israel's forces were vast, experienced, and unified, yet these advantages meant nothing against God's ordained outcome. The LORD used Benjamin's tiny army to humble Israel's pride and teach dependence. Israel's eventual victory (after 40,000 casualties) proved far more costly than Benjamin's initial surrender would have been. When both parties in a conflict are guilty—Benjamin for defending criminals, Israel for inadequate consultation of God—the resulting warfare becomes mutually devastating. The verse sets up the chapter's central lesson: trust in numbers, strategy, and unity fails without complete submission to God's will.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Four hundred thousand warriors represents a staggering military force—larger than most ancient Near Eastern empires could field. For context, the Assyrian Empire at its height mobilized approximately 120,000-200,000 troops. Israel's ability to field 400,000 from tribal militia demonstrates both the land's substantial population and the seriousness with which they took covenant violation. However, the lack of centralized command or standing army meant their coordination depended on tribal cooperation.

Reflection Questions

  1. When do you trust in superior resources, numbers, or organizational strength rather than seeking God's direction?
  2. How has God used unexpected defeats to humble your pride and teach dependence on Him?
  3. What does it mean that righteous causes pursued without adequate spiritual preparation lead to devastating costs?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 15 words
אִ֥ישׁ1 of 15

And the men

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל2 of 15

of Israel

H3478

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

הִתְפָּֽקְד֗וּ3 of 15

were numbered

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

לְבַד֙4 of 15
H905

properly, separation; by implication, a part of the body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief of a city; especially (with preposit

מִבִּנְיָמִ֔ן5 of 15

beside Benjamin

H1144

binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

אַרְבַּ֨ע6 of 15

four

H702

four

מֵא֥וֹת7 of 15

hundred

H3967

a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction

אֶ֛לֶף8 of 15

thousand

H505

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

אִ֥ישׁ9 of 15

And the men

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

שֹׁ֣לֵֽף10 of 15

that drew

H8025

to pull out, up or off

חָ֑רֶב11 of 15

sword

H2719

drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement

כָּל12 of 15
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

זֶ֖ה13 of 15
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

אִ֥ישׁ14 of 15

And the men

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

מִלְחָמָֽה׃15 of 15

of war

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Judges. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Judges 20:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Judges 20:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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