King James Version

What Does Judges 19:18 Mean?

And he said unto him, We are passing from Bethlehemjudah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Bethlehemjudah , but I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that receiveth me to house. receiveth: Heb. gathereth

Judges 19:18 · KJV


Context

16

And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim; and he sojourned in Gibeah: but the men of the place were Benjamites.

17

And when he had lifted up his eyes, he saw a wayfaring man in the street of the city: and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou?

18

And he said unto him, We are passing from Bethlehemjudah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Bethlehemjudah , but I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that receiveth me to house. receiveth: Heb. gathereth

19

Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man which is with thy servants: there is no want of any thing.

20

And the old man said, Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he said unto him, We are passing from Beth-lehem-judah toward the side of mount Ephraim; from thence am I: and I went to Beth-lehem-judah, but I am now going to the house of the LORD; and there is no man that receiveth me to house. The Levite's response provides crucial information. His journey from Bethlehem-Judah (Beit Lechem Yehudah, בֵּית לֶחֶם יְהוּדָה, "House of Bread") to Ephraim's hill country traces the same route Ruth would later travel in reverse (Ruth 1:1-2), connecting these narratives thematically. The Levite identifies himself as Ephraimite, establishing kinship with the old man.

Most significantly, he states "I am now going to the house of the LORD" (et-beit Yahweh ani holek, אֶת־בֵּית יְהוָה אֲנִי הֹלֵךְ). This phrase traditionally refers to the tabernacle, likely at Shiloh during this period (Joshua 18:1, Judges 18:31, 1 Samuel 1:3). That a Levite traveling to serve at Yahweh's house finds no hospitality in Israel indicts the nation's spiritual state. The irony is devastating: religious professionals travel to worship centers while covenant people fail basic moral obligations.

"There is no man that receiveth me to house" (ve'ein ish me'asef oti habbaitah, וְאֵין אִישׁ מְאַסֵּף אוֹתִי הַבָּיְתָה) uses the verb asaf (אָסַף, "gather in, receive"), suggesting the Levite had been waiting publicly, hoping for hospitality. The universal negative "no man" (ein ish, אֵין אִישׁ) emphasizes comprehensive failure. Reformed theology sees this as depicting total depravity—sin so pervasive that entire communities abandon basic righteousness. Christ later experienced similar rejection: "He came unto his own, and his own received him not" (John 1:11).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

"The house of the LORD" during Judges refers to the tabernacle, most likely located at Shiloh in Ephraimite territory (about 20 miles north of Gibeah). Archaeological excavations at Shiloh (modern Khirbet Seilun) have revealed a major religious center from this period, destroyed around 1050 BCE (possibly by Philistines, referenced in Psalm 78:60, Jeremiah 7:12). Levites served in rotation at the tabernacle, explaining this journey. The Levite's secondary wife status (concubine) connects to Judges' theme of declining moral standards—even religious leaders compromised biblical marriage ideals. Bethlehem, meaning "house of bread," would later gain significance as David's birthplace and ultimately the Messiah's (Micah 5:2, Matthew 2:1).

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the Levite's journey to worship while Israel abandons covenant hospitality illustrate the disconnect between external religion and heart transformation?
  2. What does the universal failure to receive the Levite teach about corporate sin and the danger of communal moral drift?
  3. How does Christ's experience of rejection by His own people (John 1:11) provide hope for those rejected by religious communities despite genuine faith?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 28 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר1 of 28

And he said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

אֵלָ֗יו2 of 28
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

עֹֽבְרִ֨ים3 of 28

unto him We are passing

H5674

to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

אֲנַ֜חְנוּ4 of 28
H587

we

מִבֵּֽית5 of 28
H0
לֶ֖חֶם6 of 28

from Bethlehemjudah

H1035

beth-lechem, a place in palestine

יְהוּדָה֮7 of 28
H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

עַד8 of 28
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

יַרְכְּתֵ֣י9 of 28

toward the side

H3411

properly, the flank; but used only figuratively, the rear or recess

הַר10 of 28

of mount

H2022

a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)

אֶפְרַיִם֒11 of 28

Ephraim

H669

ephrajim, a son of joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

מִשָּׁ֣ם12 of 28
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

אָנֹ֔כִי13 of 28
H595

i

הֹלֵ֔ךְ14 of 28

but I am now going

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

עַד15 of 28
H5704

as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)

בֵּ֥ית16 of 28
H0
לֶ֖חֶם17 of 28

from Bethlehemjudah

H1035

beth-lechem, a place in palestine

יְהוּדָ֑ה18 of 28
H3063

jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

וְאֶת19 of 28
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַבָּֽיְתָה׃20 of 28

me to house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

יְהוָה֙21 of 28

of the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֲנִ֣י22 of 28
H589

i

הֹלֵ֔ךְ23 of 28

but I am now going

H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

וְאֵ֣ין24 of 28
H369

a nonentity; generally used as a negative particle

אִ֔ישׁ25 of 28

and there is no man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

מְאַסֵּ֥ף26 of 28

that receiveth

H622

to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e., remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)

אוֹתִ֖י27 of 28
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הַבָּֽיְתָה׃28 of 28

me to house

H1004

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Judges. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Judges 19:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Judges 19:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study